Kuyambira kubadwa, aliyense padziko lapansi amangotanganidwa ndi mawu anayi: "zovala, chakudya, pogona, ndi zoyendera". Akawadyetsa ndi kuwaveka, amayamba kuganiza zokhala bwino. Pankhani ya malo okhala, amamanga nyumba, kumanga nyumba zokhalamo, ndipo kumanga nyumba kumafuna zipangizo zomangira. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomangira ndi njerwa zosiyanasiyana. Kupanga njerwa ndi kupanga njerwa zabwino, makina a njerwa ndi ofunikira. Pali makina ambiri a njerwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njerwa, ndipo amatha kugawidwa mwapadera
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###*1. Kugawika ndi mtundu wa zopangira **
1. **Makina opangira njerwa zadongo**
- **Zida zopangira **: Zida zophatikizika zachilengedwe monga dongo ndi shale, zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta.
- **Makhalidwe a ndondomeko **: Zimafunika kutentha kwambiri (monga njerwa zofiira zachikhalidwe), pamene zipangizo zamakono zimathandizira kupanga njerwa zadothi zosapsa (posakaniza ndi zomangira zapadera kapena kuumba kwapamwamba).
- ** Ntchito **: Njerwa zofiira zachikhalidwe, njerwa zowotchedwa, ndi njerwa zadongo zosawotchedwa.
2. **Makina opangira njerwa za konkriti**
- **Zida zopangira **: simenti, mchenga, zophatikizira, madzi, ndi zina.
- **Makhalidwe a kachitidwe **: Kupanga kudzera kugwedezeka ndi kupanikizika, kutsatiridwa ndi kuchiritsa kwachilengedwe kapena kuchiritsa kwa nthunzi.
- ** Ntchito **: njerwa za simenti, ma curbs, njerwa zopindika, etc.
3. **Makina opangira njerwa ogwirizana ndi chilengedwe**
- ** Zopangira **: phulusa louluka, slag, zinyalala zomanga, zinyalala zamafakitale, ndi zina.
- **Makhalidwe a ndondomeko **: Njira yosawotcha, kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikizira ndi kuumba zinyalala, kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kusamala zachilengedwe.
- **Mapulogalamu**: Njerwa zokomera chilengedwe, njerwa zopepuka, njerwa zotsekereza, njerwa za thovu, midadada yolowera mpweya, ndi zina zambiri.
4. **Makina opangira njerwa za gypsum**
- **Zida zopangira **: gypsum, fiber-reinforced material.
- **Makhalidwe opangira **: Kumangirira kolimba kofulumira, koyenera kugawa njerwa zopepuka.
- ** Ntchito **: matabwa ogawa mkati, njerwa zokongoletsera.
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###*II. Gulu mwa njira yopangira njerwa**
1. **Makina a njerwa opanikiza **
- ** Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri**: Zopangirazo zimakanikizidwa kuti ziwonekere kudzera pamagetsi a hydraulic kapena makina.
- **Zowoneka **: Kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwa njerwa, yoyenera njerwa za simenti ya laimu ndi njerwa zosawotchedwa.
- ** Mitundu yoyimira **: makina a njerwa a hydraulic static press, makina osindikizira a njerwa.
2. **Makina oumba njerwa akunjenjemera**
- ** Mfundo **: Gwiritsani ntchito kugwedezeka kwakukulu kuti mugwirizane ndi zopangira mkati mwa nkhungu.
- ** Zowoneka **: Kuchita bwino kwambiri, koyenera njerwa zopanda kanthu ndi njerwa zobowola.
- ** Mitundu yoyimilira **: makina opangira njerwa ogwedera, makina opangira midadada.
3. **Makina oumba njerwa owonjezera **
- **Mfundo Yaikulu**: Zopangira pulasitiki zimatulutsidwa mumzere wopangidwa ndi spiral extruder kenako ndikudulidwa kukhala mabilu a njerwa.
- **Zowoneka**: Zoyenera kuumba njerwa zadothi ndi njerwa zomangika, zomwe zimafunikira kuyanika ndi kuyanika motsatira.
- ** Mtundu woyimira **: Makina a njerwa a vacuum extrusion. (Makina a njerwa amtundu wa Wanda ndi mtundu uwu wa makina a vacuum extrusion)
4. **Makina opangira njerwa a 3D **
- ** Mfundo Mfundo **: Kupanga njerwa ndi kusanjikiza zida kudzera pa digito.
- ** Zowoneka **: Mawonekedwe ovuta makonda, oyenera njerwa zokongoletsera ndi njerwa zowoneka bwino.
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### **III. Kugawa ndi zinthu zomalizidwa **
1. **Makina a njerwa zolimba **
- **Zomaliza **: njerwa zolimba (monga njerwa zofiira zokhazikika, njerwa zolimba za simenti).
- ** Makhalidwe **: kapangidwe kosavuta, kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri, koma kulemera kwakukulu.
2. **Makina a njerwa opanda dzenje**
- **Zinthu zomaliza **: njerwa zopanda kanthu, njerwa zobowoleza (zokhala ndi porosity ya 15% -40%).
- **Zowoneka**: zopepuka, kutentha ndi kutsekereza mawu, komanso kupulumutsa zinthu.
3. **Makina omanga njerwa**
- **Zinthu zomalizidwa **: njerwa zobowoka, zopinga, njerwa zobzala udzu, ndi zina.
- **Zowoneka **: Chikombolechi chimatha kusinthidwa, chokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo sichimva kukakamizidwa ndi kuvala.
4. **Makina okongoletsa njerwa**
- ** Zomalizidwa **: mwala wachikhalidwe, njerwa zakale, njerwa zamitundu, ndi zina.
- **Zowoneka **: Imafunikira nkhungu zapadera kapena njira zochizira pamwamba, zokhala ndi mtengo wowonjezera.
5. **Makina apadera a njerwa **
- **Zinthu zomalizidwa **: njerwa zomangira, njerwa zotsekereza, midadada ya konkire yothira mpweya, ndi zina.
- **Makhalidwe**: Pamafunika kutentha kwambiri sintering kapena thovu njira, ndi mkulu luso zipangizo.
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Mwachidule: Kumanga sikungathe kuchita popanda njerwa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kupanga njerwa sikungathe kuchita popanda makina a njerwa. Kusankha kwachindunji kwa makina a njerwa kungadziwike potengera momwe zinthu ziliri: 1. Kuyika kwa msika: Popanga njerwa zomangira wamba, makina opangira njerwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zopangira, zida zingapo zopangira, komanso msika waukulu. 2. Zofunikira panjira: Zopangira zomangira zodzipangira nokha kapena kupanga pang'ono, makina a njerwa ya simenti yonjenjemera amatha kusankhidwa, omwe amafunikira ndalama zazing'ono ndikupereka zotsatira mwachangu, ndipo amatha kupangidwa mwanjira yabanja. 3. Zofunika zakuthupi: Kwa akatswiri okonza zinyalala zamafakitale kapena zinyalala zomanga, monga phulusa la ntchentche, makina a njerwa a konkriti amatha kusankhidwa. Pambuyo powunikira, zinyalala zomanga zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamakina opangira njerwa ogwedezeka kapena kuphwanyidwa ndi dongo lopangira njerwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-05-2025