Kuyerekeza njerwa za Clay Sintered, Njerwa za Simenti ndi Njerwa za Foam

Zotsatirazi ndi chidule cha kusiyana, njira zopangira, zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito, ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njerwa za sintered, njerwa za simenti (zomangira konkire) ndi njerwa za thovu (kawirikawiri kutanthauza midadada ya konkire ya aerated kapena midadada ya thovu konkire), yomwe ndi yabwino kusankha koyenera pantchito yomanga:
I. Kufananiza Kosiyana Kwambiri

II.Kusiyana kwa Njira Zopangira

1.Sintered Njerwa
●Njira:
Kuunikira zinthu zopangira → Kuphwanya zinthu zopangira → Kusakaniza ndi kusonkhezera →坯体成型 → Kuyanika → Kutentha kotentha kwambiri (800-1050℃) → Kuzizira.
●Njira Yaikulu:
Kupyolera mu kuwombera, kusintha kwa thupi ndi mankhwala (kusungunuka, crystallization) kumachitika mu dongo kuti apange mawonekedwe amphamvu kwambiri.
●Makhalidwe:
Zida zadongo ndi zochuluka. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala monga malasha mgodi slag ndi ore kuvala michira kungachepetse kuipitsa. Ikhoza kukhala yopangidwa ndi mafakitale kuti ikhale yochuluka. Njerwa zomalizidwa zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kukhazikika kwabwino komanso kukhazikika.

2.Njerwa za Simenti (Mibuko ya Konkire)
●Njira:
Kuphatikizika kwa simenti + mchenga ndi miyala + Kusakaniza madzi ndi kusonkhezera → Kumanga ndi kunjenjemera / kukanikiza mu nkhungu → Kuchiritsa kwachilengedwe kapena kuchiritsa kwa nthunzi (masiku 7-28).
●Njira Yaikulu:
Kupyolera mu hydration reaction ya simenti, midadada yolimba (yonyamula katundu) kapena midadada yopanda kanthu (yopanda katundu) imatha kupangidwa. Magulu ena opepuka (monga slag, ceramsite) amawonjezeredwa kuti achepetse kulemera kwake.
●Makhalidwe:
Njirayi ndi yophweka ndipo kuzungulira ndi kochepa. Ikhoza kupangidwa pamlingo waukulu, ndipo mphamvu imatha kusinthidwa (yolamulidwa ndi chiŵerengero chosakaniza). Komabe, kulemera kwake kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa njerwa za thovu. Mtengo wa njerwa zomalizidwa ndi zapamwamba ndipo zotulukapo ndizochepa, zomwe zili zoyenera kupanga zazing'ono.

3.Njerwa Zachithovu (Midawu ya Konkire ya Foam / Foam)
●Njira:
Zida zopangira (simenti, phulusa la ntchentche, mchenga) + Chopangira thovu (hydrogen imapangidwa pamene ufa wa aluminiyamu umachita ndi madzi kuti ukhale thovu) kusakaniza → Kuthira ndi kuchita thovu → Kukhazikika ndi kuchiritsa → Kudula ndi kupanga → Kuchiritsa kwa Autoclave (180-200℃, maola 8-12).
●Njira Yaikulu:
Chopangira thovu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga pores yunifolomu, ndipo mawonekedwe a kristalo (monga tobermorite) amapangidwa kudzera kuchiritsa kwa autoclave, komwe kumakhala kopepuka komanso komwe kumakhala ndi kutentha kwamafuta.
●Makhalidwe:
Kuchuluka kwa automation ndikwambiri komanso kupulumutsa mphamvu (kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakuchiritsa kwa autoclave ndikotsika kuposa kwa sintering), koma zofunikira pakuwerengera kwazinthu zopangira ndi kuwongolera thovu ndizokwera. Mphamvu yopondereza ndi yochepa ndipo siimagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzomangamanga nyumba ndi kudzaza makoma.

III.Kusiyanasiyana kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ntchito Zomangamanga
1.Sintered Njerwa
●Zochitika Zoyenera:
Makoma okhala ndi katundu wa nyumba zotsika (monga nyumba zogona pansi pazipinda zisanu ndi chimodzi), makoma otsekera, nyumba zokhala ndi kalembedwe ka retro (pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a njerwa zofiira).
Magawo omwe amafunikira kulimba kwambiri (monga maziko, kuyatsa panja).
●Ubwino:
Mphamvu yayikulu (MU10-MU30), kukana kwanyengo yabwino komanso kukana chisanu, moyo wautali wautumiki.
Njira yachikhalidwe ndi yokhwima ndipo imakhala yosinthika kwambiri (kumamatira bwino ndi matope).
●Zoyipa:
Imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zadongo ndipo kuwomberako kumayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwina (masiku ano, njerwa za ntchentche / shale sintered zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zilowe m'malo mwa njerwa zadongo).
Kulemera kwakukulu (pafupifupi 1800kg/m³), kuonjezera katundu wamapangidwe.
2.Njerwa za Simenti
●Zochitika Zoyenera:
Mipiringidzo yonyamula katundu (yolimba / porous): Kudzaza makoma a makoma a chimango, makoma onyamula katundu a nyumba zotsika (mphamvu za MU5-MU20).
Mabowo osanyamula katundu: Makoma amkati a nyumba zazitali (kuti achepetse kulemera kwake).
●Ubwino:
Kutulutsa kwa makina amodzi ndikotsika ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera pang'ono.
Mphamvu zimatha kusinthidwa, zopangira zimapezeka mosavuta, komanso kupanga ndikwabwino (chidacho ndi chachikulu, ndipo luso la zomangamanga ndilokwera).
Kukhazikika kwabwino, kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo onyowa (monga zimbudzi, makoma a maziko).
●Zoyipa:
Kudzilemera kwakukulu (pafupifupi 1800kg/m³ kwa midadada yolimba, pafupifupi 1200kg/m³ ya midadada yopanda kanthu), magwiridwe antchito wamba (kukulitsa kapena kuwonjezera wosanjikiza wowonjezera wamafuta amafunikira).
High mayamwidwe madzi, m`pofunika kuthirira ndi kunyowetsa pamaso pa zomangamanga kupewa imfa ya madzi mu matope.
3.Njerwa Zachithovu (Midawu ya Konkire ya Foam / Foam)
●Zochitika Zoyenera:
Makoma osanyamula katundu: Makoma amkati ndi akunja ogawaniza nyumba zazitali (monga kudzaza makoma a mafelemu), nyumba zokhala ndi zofunikira zopulumutsa mphamvu (kutentha kwamafuta kumafunika).
Osayenerera: Maziko, malo onyowa (monga zimbudzi, zipinda zapansi), nyumba zonyamula katundu.
●Ubwino:
Opepuka (kachulukidwe ndi 1/4 mpaka 1/3 yokha ya njerwa zowotchera), kuchepetsa kwambiri katundu wamapangidwe ndikupulumutsa kuchuluka kwa konkriti yolimba.
Kutsekemera kwabwino kwa kutentha ndi kutsekemera kwa mawu (kutentha kwa kutentha ndi 0.1-0.2W / (m ・ K), yomwe ndi 1/5 ya njerwa zowonongeka), kukwaniritsa miyezo yopulumutsira mphamvu.
Kumanga kwabwino: Chidacho ndi chachikulu (kukula kwake kumakhala kokhazikika), kumatha kuchekedwa ndikukonzedwa, kutsetsereka kwa khoma kumakhala kokwera, ndipo kupaka pulasitala kumachepetsedwa.
●Zoyipa:
Mphamvu yotsika (mphamvu yopondereza nthawi zambiri imakhala A3.5-A5.0, yoyenera kokha pazigawo zopanda katundu), pamwamba ndi zosavuta kuwonongeka, ndipo kugunda kuyenera kupewedwa.
Mayamwidwe amphamvu amadzi (mayamwidwe amadzi ndi 20% -30%), chithandizo cha mawonekedwe chimafunikira; n'zosavuta kufewetsa m'malo onyowa, ndipo wosanjikiza wosakwanira chinyezi umafunika.
Kumamatira kofooka ndi matope wamba, zomatira zapadera kapena mawonekedwe othandizira kumafunika.
IV.Kodi kusankha? Core Reference Factors
●Zofunikira ponyamula katundu:
Makoma onyamula katundu: Ikani patsogolo njerwa zomangika (zanyumba zazing'ono zazitali) kapena midadada ya simenti yolimba kwambiri (MU10 ndi kupitilira apo).
Makoma osanyamula katundu: Sankhani njerwa za thovu (kuika patsogolo kupulumutsa mphamvu) kapena midadada ya simenti yopanda kanthu (kutengera mtengo wake patsogolo).
●Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Kusunga Mphamvu:
M'madera ozizira kapena nyumba zopulumutsa mphamvu: Njerwa za thovu (zokhala ndi zosungunulira zomangidwira), palibe wosanjikiza wowonjezera wotenthetsera wofunikira; m'madera otentha ndi ozizira nyengo yozizira, kusankha kungaphatikizidwe ndi nyengo.
●Zachilengedwe:
M’madera amvula (monga zipinda zapansi, makhichini ndi zimbudzi): Ndi njerwa zomangika ndi simenti (zofunika kuthira madzi) zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo njerwa za thovu (zowonongeka chifukwa cha kuyamwa madzi) ziyenera kupewedwa.
Pazigawo zomwe zili panja: Ikani patsogolo njerwa zomangika (kulimba kwanyengo) kapena midadada ya simenti yothira pamwamba.

Chidule

●Njerwa za Sinter:Njerwa zachikhalidwe zamphamvu kwambiri, zoyenerera ku nyumba zotsika zonyamula katundu komanso za retro, zokhazikika komanso zokhazikika.

●Njerwa za simenti:Ndalama zazing'ono, masitayilo osiyanasiyana azinthu, oyenera makoma osiyanasiyana onyamula / osanyamula. Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa simenti, mtengo wake ndi wokwera pang'ono.

●Njerwa za thovu:Chisankho choyamba chopepuka komanso chopulumutsa mphamvu, choyenera kugawa makoma amkati a nyumba zokwera kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe okhala ndi kutenthetsa kwamafuta ambiri.zofunikira, koma chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakuletsa chinyezi komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu.

Malinga ndi zofunikira za polojekitiyi (zonyamula katundu, kupulumutsa mphamvu, chilengedwe, bajeti), ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana. Ponyamula katundu, sankhani njerwa za sintered. Kwa maziko, sankhani njerwa za sintered. Kwa makoma otchingidwa ndi nyumba zogona, sankhani njerwa za sintered ndi njerwa za simenti. Pamapangidwe a chimango, sankhani njerwa zopepuka za thovu zogawa makoma ndi makoma odzaza.