Izimiso, ukwakheka, kanye nokusebenza okuyisisekelo kweziko lomhubhe kuhlanganiswe esimisweni sangaphambilini. Lesi seshini sizogxila ekusebenzeni nasezindleleni zokuxazulula izinkinga zokusebenzisa iziko lomhubhe ukushisa izitini zokwakha zobumba. Kuyosetshenziswa iziko lomlilo wamalahle njengesibonelo.
I. Umehluko
Izitini zobumba zenziwe ngenhlabathi ene-mineral content ephansi, ipulasitiki ephezulu, kanye nezakhiwo zokunamathela. Amanzi kunzima ukuwakhipha kule nto, okwenza izikhala zezitini zibe nzima ukuze zome uma kuqhathaniswa nezitini ze-shale. Futhi banamandla aphansi. Ngakho-ke, iziko lomhubhe ezisetshenziselwa ukushisa izitini zobumba zihluke kancane. Ukuphakama kwe-stacking kungaphansi kancane, futhi indawo yokushisa ide kancane (cishe i-30-40% yobude obuphelele). Njengoba umswakama wezikhala zezitini ezimanzi cishe u-13-20%, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-tunnel holne enezingxenye ezihlukene zokomisa kanye ne-sintering.
II. Ukulungiselela Imisebenzi Yokudubula:
Izikhala zezitini zobumba zinamandla aphansi kanye nomswakama ophakeme kancane, okwenza kube nzima ukuzomisa. Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ngesikhathi sokupakisha. Njengoba isisho sithi, "Izingxenye ezintathu ezidubulayo, izingxenye eziyisikhombisa zinqwabelene." Uma ubeka, qala uthuthukise uhlelo lokupakisha futhi uhlele izitini ngokufanele; zibeke kuphethini yegridi enemiphetho eminyene kanye nezikhungo ezi-sparser. Uma izitini zingapakishwanga kahle, kungaholela ekuweni komswakama, ukubhidlika kwenqwaba, kanye nokungagelezi kahle komoya, okwenza inqubo yokudubula ibe nzima nakakhulu futhi kubangele izimo ezingavamile njengokusabalaliswa komlilo wangaphambili, umlilo ongemuva ungagcini, umlilo ongaphezulu ushesha kakhulu, umlilo ophansi ube uhamba kancane (umlilo ungafiki phansi), futhi umlilo ophakathi nendawo ushesha kakhulu kuyilapho izinhlangothi zihamba kancane kakhulu (azikwazi ukuqhubekela phambili).
Ukusetha ngaphambilini Ijika Lokushisa Kwe-Tunnel Kiln: Ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yesigaba ngasinye sehhoko, qala ngokusetha kusengaphambili indawo yokucindezela eyiziro. Indawo yokushisa ingaphansi kwengcindezi embi, kuyilapho indawo yokudubula ingaphansi kwengcindezi enhle. Okokuqala, setha izinga lokushisa elinguziro, bese usetha kusengaphambili amazinga okushisa endaweni ngayinye yemoto, hlela umdwebo wejika lezinga lokushisa, bese ufaka izinzwa zokushisa ezindaweni ezibucayi. Indawo yokushisa kuqala (indawo ecishe ibe ngu-0-12), indawo yokudubula (izikhundla 12-22), nendawo yokupholisa esele ingasebenza ngokuvumelana namazinga okushisa asethiwe phakathi nenqubo.
III. Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okusebenza Kokudubula
Ukulandelana Kokuthungela: Okokuqala, qala isivutheli esikhulu (lungisa ukugeleza komoya kube ngu-30–50%). Kokhela izinkuni namalahle emotweni yokushisa, ulawule izinga lokushisa elifinyelele cishe ku-1 ° C ngomzuzu, futhi kancane kancane ukhuphule izinga lokushisa libe ngu-200 ° C. Uma izinga lokushisa likahhono selingaphezu kuka-200°C, khuphula kancane ukugeleza komoya ukuze usheshise izinga lokushisa lokwenyuka futhi ufinyelele izinga lokushisa elivamile lokudubula.
Imisebenzi Yokudubula: Qapha ngokuqinile amazinga okushisa kuzo zonke izindawo ngokuya ngejika lokushisa. Isivinini sokudubula kwezitini zobumba singamamitha angu-3-5 ngehora, kanti izitini ze-shale, amamitha angu-4-6 ngehora. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlukile, izindlela zokunqwabelanisa, nezilinganiso zengxube kaphethiloli konke kuzothinta isivinini sokudubula. Ngokomjikelezo omisiwe wokudubula (isb., imizuzu engu-55 ngemoto ngayinye), qhubekisela phambili imoto yokushisa ngokulinganayo, futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha lapho ulayisha imoto ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokuvula umnyango wehhoni. Gcina umfutho weziko ezinzile ngangokunokwenzeka. (Indawo yokushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: ingcindezi engemihle -10 kuya ku-50 Pa; indawo yokudubula: ingcindezi encane eyi-10-20 Pa). Ukuze ulungise ingcindezi evamile, ne-air damper ilungiswe kahle, lungisa kuphela isivinini se-fan ukuze ulawule ukucindezela kuhhavini.
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa: Khulisa kancane izinga lokushisa endaweni yokushisa cishe ngo-50-80°C imitha ngalinye ukuvimbela ukushisisa okusheshayo nokuqhekeka kwezitini. Endaweni yokudubula, naka isikhathi sokudubula ngemuva kokufinyelela izinga lokushisa eliqondiwe ukuze ugweme ukudubula okungaphelele ngaphakathi kwezitini. Uma izinguquko zezinga lokushisa zenzeka futhi ubude bezinga lokushisa eliphezulu obungaguquki bunganele, amalahle angengezwa kuhn top. Lawula umehluko wezinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kuka-10°C. Endaweni yokupholisa, lungisa isivinini sefeni yesiphephetha-moya esipholile ukuze ulawule ukucindezelwa komoya nokugeleza komoya okusekelwe kuzinga lokushisa lezitini eziqediwe eziphuma kuhhovisi, ukuvimbela ukupholisa okusheshayo ekubangeleni ukuqhekeka kwezitini eziqediwe ezibaswa ngokushisa okuphezulu.
Ukuhlolwa kokuphuma kwe-Kiln: Hlola ukubukeka kwezitini eziqediwe eziphuma kuhho. Kufanele abe nombala ofanayo. Izitini ezingashisiwe (ukushisa okuphansi noma isikhathi sokudubula esinganele ekushiseni okuphezulu, okuholela kumbala okhanyayo) zingabuyiselwa kuhhavini ukuze ziqhunyiswe kabusha. Izitini ezishiswe ngokweqile (ukushisa okuphezulu okubangela ukuncibilika nokuguqulwa) kufanele zisuswe futhi zilahlwe. Izitini eziqediwe ezifanelekayo zinombala ofanayo futhi zikhiqiza umsindo opholile lapho uthepha, futhi zingathunyelwa endaweni yokuthulula ukuze zipakishwe futhi zihanjiswe.
IV. Amaphutha Ajwayelekile kanye Nezindlela Zokuxazulula Izinkinga Zokusebenza Kweziko Lomhubhe
Izinga lokushisa lendawo yokudubula liyehluleka ukukhuphuka: Izitini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi azizange zihlanganiswe ngokuvumelana nokuphuma kwazo kokushisa, futhi uphethiloli unenani eliphansi lekhalori. Isixazululo sokuxuba okunganele: Lungisa isilinganiso sokuhlanganisa ukuze sidlule inani elidingekayo kancane. Ukuvinjwa kwe-firebox (ukwakheka komlotha, imizimba yezitini egoqiwe) kubangela ukuntuleka komoyampilo, okuholela ekukhuphukeni okunganele kwezinga lokushisa. Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga: Hlanza ishaneli yomlilo, sula umsele, futhi ususe izitini eziluhlaza ezigoqiwe.
Ukuma kwemoto ye-Kiln ngesikhathi sokusebenza: Ukuguqulwa kwethrekhi (okubangelwa ukwanda nokufinyela kokushisa). Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga: Linganisa izinga lethrekhi nesikhala (ukubekezelela ≤ 2 mm), bese ulungisa noma ushintshe ithrekhi. Amasondo emoto e-Kiln akhiye: Indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga: Ngemva kokwethula izitini eziqediwe isikhathi ngasinye, hlola amasondo bese ugcoba uwoyela wokugcoba okumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. I-efflorescence yangaphezulu ezitini eziqediwe (isithwathwa esimhlophe): “Okuqukethwe kwesibabule esiningi ngokweqile emzimbeni wezitini kuholela ekwakhekeni kwamakristalu e-sulfate. Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga: Lungisa isilinganiso sempahla eluhlaza futhi ufake izinto zokusetshenziswa zesulphur ephansi. Okuqukethwe kwesibabule okuphezulu kakhulu kumalahle. Khulisa umthamo wegesi lapho ukhipha igesi ngaphambili indlela yokukhipha umoya we-zoe. ifinyelela cishe ku-600°C ukuze ikhiphe umhwamuko wesibabule okhululiwe.”
V. Ukunakekela kanye Nokuhlola
Ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke: Hlola ukuthi isicabha seziko siyavuleka futhi sivaleke ngokujwayelekile, ukuthi ukuvala kuyahlangabezana yini nezimfuneko, nokuthi imoto yomlilo yonakele yini ngemva kokwehliswa kwezitini. Hlola amasondo emoto ye-kiln ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asebenza ngokujwayelekile, gcoba amafutha okugcoba ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu esondweni ngalinye, futhi uhlole ukuthi izintambo zokuqapha izinga lokushisa zonakele yini, ukuxhumana kuvikelekile, futhi imisebenzi ijwayelekile.
Ukugcinwa Kwamaviki Onke: Engeza amafutha okugcoba kufeni, hlola ukuthi ukudonsa kwebhande kufanelekile, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi wonke amabhawodi aboshwe ngokuvikelekile. Engeza amafutha okugcoba emotweni yokudlulisa kanye nomshini wemoto ophezulu. Hlola zonke izakhi ukuze zisebenze okuvamile. Ukuhlolwa Kwethrekhi: Ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa kuhhani, ukunwetshwa kokushisa nokufinyela kungase kubangele ukuxega kwethrekhi. Hlola ukuthi amakhanda ethrekhi kanye nezikhala phakathi kwezimoto zokudlulisa zijwayelekile yini.
Ukuhlola kwanyanga zonke: Hlola umzimba weziko ukuze uthole ukuqhekeka, hlola isimo sezitini eziphikisayo nezindonga zomlilo, bese ulinganisa okokusebenza kokuthola izinga lokushisa (iphutha elingaphansi kuka-5°C).
Ukugcinwa kwekota: Khipha udoti ephasejini likahono, hlanza ipayipi nomoya, hlola isimo sokuvala amajoyinti anwebekayo kuzo zonke izindawo, hlola uphahla lweziko kanye nomzimba kahhani ukuthi awunamaphutha, futhi uhlole okokusebenza kokujikeleza kanye nesistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa, njll.
VI. Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha
Iziko lomhubhe yiziko zobunjiniyela ezishisayo, futhi ikakhulukazi kwiziko lomhubhe elibaswa ngamalahle, ukwelashwa kwegesi yoflue kufanele kufakwe ama-electrostatic precipitators amanzi ukuze kukhishwe i-sulfurization kanye ne-denitrification ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igesi ekhishwayo iyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhipha umoya.
Ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kukadoti: Umoya oshisayo ovela endaweni yokupholisa udluliswa ngamapayipi uye endaweni yokushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma engxenyeni yokomisa ukuze kome izikhala zezitini ezimanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kokushisa okulahlwayo kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla cishe ngo-20%.
Ukukhiqizwa Kokuphepha: Iziko lomhubhe elibaswa ngegesi kufanele lifakwe izinto ezihlola igesi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhuma. Izikhonkwane ezibaswa ngamalahle emhubheni kufanele zifakwe izinto ezibona i-carbon monoxide, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuthungela ukuvikela ukuqhuma kanye nobuthi. Ukuhambisana nezinqubo zokusebenza kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuphephile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-16-2025