Isingeniso
Izitini zobumba, ezaziwa ngokuthi umlando wokuthuthuka komuntu odakeni nomlilo zacinywa ku-crystallization ekhazimulayo, kodwa futhi nomfula omude wesiko lezakhiwo "ezinsalela eziphilayo" eziphilayo. Ezidingweni eziyisisekelo zokuphila komuntu - ukudla, okokugqoka, izindlu, nezokuthutha, ukuvela kwempucuko yezindawo zokuhlala, nakho kugqamisa kakhulu ukubaluleka kwesitini namathayela.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemishini Yokwenza Izitini
Ubuchwepheshe Bokwenza Izitini Basendulo
“Isitini Sokuqala SaseShayina” esavubukulwa eLantian, eXi’an, sithatha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-5 000 futhi sifakazela ukuhlakanipha kokhokho baseShayina. Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, ngesikhathi sezitini ze-Qin kanye ne-Han tile, imboni yokwenza izitini yayisivele isanda kuqala: Ubukhosi bakwa-Qin bahola ekuvuleni ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwezitini zobumba, babeka isisekelo senqubo ngezincazelo “zobude obuyinyawo, uhhafu wonyawo ububanzi nama-intshi amathathu ukujiya”, kwenezelwa izinqubo zakudala zokuchoboza nokubumba isilwane sokhuni, ukubumba nokubumba isilwane. i-contours yemboni yokwenza izitini ezinsukwini zakuqala. Ezikhathini zamakhosi e-Tang, Song, Ming, kanye ne-Qing, ukwethulwa kwesondo lamanzi, umshini wokuhlanganisa osebenza ngamanzi, kwaphawula uguquko lwenqubo yokwenza izitini ukusuka kubasebenzi ukuya esigabeni esisha esinikwe amandla amandla emvelo, kwabeka isisekelo sokuthuthuka kwezimboni okwalandela.
Ukuphumelela kobuchwepheshe bomshini wokwenza izitini
Ukusungulwa kwenjini yesitimu kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni, kodwa futhi kwathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokwenza izitini, kwashintsha isimo sezinkulungwane zeminyaka edlule yokuhlubula isikhunta sokhuni, ngo-1850, i-United Kingdom yahola ekusebenziseni izikhala zokwenza izitini eziqhutshwa yinjini yomusi. Mechanical esikhundleni manual, umthamo anda kaningi izikhathi, bese ngokushesha basakaza eYurophu, futhi kugqugquzelwa Hoffman iziko updates kanye nentuthuko, ngo-1873 Schlichtson German waklama esebenzayo ephansi silo ingcindezi ubumba ipuleti shaft, 1910 esanda kusungulwa motor kagesi esikhundleni injini umusi, ukuze isikulufa extruder isikulufa, umshini isikulufa isikulufa ukwenza isikulufa umshini extrusion kuyinto elula kakhudlwana, umshini isitini is abumbe. futhi isibe yisizinda esikhulu embonini yokwakha izitini.
Imishini yezitini evamile ikakhulukazi ngokuzungezisa isikulufu sezinto ezingavuthiwe i-extrusion ecindezelwe ibe yimigoqo yobumba engunxande, bese kuthi ngomshini wokusika ibha yokusika isike izikhala zezitini ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zosayizi. Kalula nje, umshini wezitini ojwayelekile uyisinciphisi kanye nesikulufu esizungeza kusilinda sodaka kumgomo oyisisekelo.
Ukuzalwa nokuthandwa komshini wokwenza izitini we-vacuum
Inkampani yaseJalimane i-Linge ngo-1930 okokuqala ngqa i-vacuum pump yemishini yezitini, ukwethulwa komshini wokwenza izitini womshini wokufutha. Isimiso sokusebenza siwukuthi ngaphambi kokuba isikulufu siqale
ikhipha izinto zokusetshenziswa, ipompo yevacuum impompa umoya ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, inciphisa ingcindezi engemihle kubhini lokuvala oluyimfihlo lezitini, inciphisa umoya ku-billet, iqede amabhamuza omoya we-billet, futhi ithuthukise ngokwengeziwe ukubumbana namandla e-billet.
Ngeminyaka yawo-1950, iShayina yethula ubuchwepheshe bokwenza izitini obuvela ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, livula ikhethini lokukhiqizwa kwezitini okuthuthukisiwe. Ngo-1978, ngesivinini sokushintsha nokuvula, iYurophu ne-United States yangeniswa ubuchwepheshe bokwenza izitini obuthuthukile kuleli zwe, futhi kwaba khona umshini wokuqala wokwenza izitini wohlobo lwe-vacuum bipolar extruder. Lobu buchwepheshe buhole e-Henan, eShandong, e-Heilongjiang, nakwezinye izindawo ukuze kugxile, futhi ngokushesha bakhe iphethini yokukhiqiza enkulu.
Ukwenziwa ngcono komshini wokwenza izitini ze-Vacuum
Umshini Wokwenza Izitini Zobumba embonini yemishini yezitini yaseShayina ubonisa amandla amahle kakhulu okuqanjwa kabusha - hhayi nje ngokuthatha ngenkuthalo ingqikithi yobuchwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa futhi nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo ngokuhlakanipha nangobuciko. Thatha isibonelo se-Henan Wangda Brick Machinery Factory, uhlobo lwayo lwe-“Wangda” JKY55/55-4.0 nangaphezulu selwenze impumelelo eminingana ebalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe, okube yisibonelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa komkhakha.
1. Uhlelo lokunciphisa: amagiya aqinile kanye nokugcotshwa okuphoqelelwe
i-reducer isebenzisa isistimu yegiya eliqinile kanye nedivayisi yokugcoba eqinile. Amagiya aqinile acutshungulwa ngenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa, futhi amagiya acutshunguliwe ayacwengwa futhi ngemva kokuphuma kwamanzi, ukucisha, nokujwayelekile ukuze kuqedwe amaphutha nokugxilisa ingqondo. Amagiya afakwe i-heater aqinile. Futhi-ke ukuqina akwehliswa ngasikhathi sinye, kuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bendawo yezinyo, futhi kwandise amandla nokumelana nokugqoka, ukugcotshwa okuphoqelekile kungepompo legiya ukuya emafutheni okugcoba ngepayipi likawoyela ukuya ezingxenyeni zokuthambisa, ukuze indawo yegiya ngalinye kanye nokuthwala ngakunye kuthole inani elifanele likawoyela ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguga nokudabuka kwezingxenye, kwandise impilo yesevisi.
2. Isakhiwo sokuphotha: ukubamba uxhumano lohlobo lwe-shaft kanye nenqubo ye-shaft entantayo
I-spindle isebenzisa ukuxhuma kohlobo lwe-shaft yokubamba, okuqinisekisa ukugxila kwe-shaft enkulu futhi kugweme ukunyakaziswa komzimba womshini. Isisekelo sokuphotha sithatha ama-thrust bearings, ama-spherical bearings aphindwe kabili kusetshenziswa. Isihlalo esinediski ye-asbestos esivalwa ngowoyela nokunye ukuvala iziteshi eziningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvaleka kwebhokisi le-vacuum. I-shaft eyinhloko kusilinda sodaka ithuthukiswa ngenqubo yesokhethi elintantayo, i-shaft entantayo ingaba i-Chongqing yokuzichaza ngemuva kokuthi impahla eluhlaza ingene kuwe nje. Inqubo ye-shaft entantayo ukuze i-shaft eyinhloko ingalokothi iphuke, igxile mathupha ukuze igweme ukugoba kwe-shaft enkulu okubangelwa ukushwibeka komzimba.
3. I-Main spiral: idizayini yephimbo eguquguqukayo kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-chrome ephezulu
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuvunguza okuyinhloko, okokuqala, ekuphakameni komklamo oshintshashintshayo wephimbo, ukusetshenziswa kokuphakela, nokucindezela okunamandla. I-pressurization, inqubo eqinile yokukhipha, ukuze ukubumbana kwe-billet kukhuphuke ngo-30%, amandla e-billet emanzi aye ku-Mu4.0 noma ngaphezulu, ukuphakama kwegceke lezitini ezimanzi cishe izingqimba eziyishumi nanhlanu, umshini wezitini ojwayelekile omanzi we-billet egcekeni izingqimba eziyisikhombisa. I-spiral material yenziwe nge-high chrome alloy, impilo iyizikhathi ezingu-4-6 ze-carbon steel spiral evamile, okwenza i-spiral ingagugi, ikhulise impilo yesevisi, futhi inciphise inani lokugcinwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-10-2025