Iindidi zeeKilns zokuFikisa izitena zodongwe

Olu lujongo oluneenkcukacha lweentlobo zeekonti ezisetyenziselwa ukutshisa izitena zodongwe, ukuvela kwazo ngokwembali, izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwale mihla:

1. Iindidi eziphambili zeeKilni zezitena zodongwe

(Qaphela: Ngenxa yothintelo lweqonga, akukho mifanekiso ifakiweyo apha, kodwa iinkcazo zesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo kunye namagama angundoqo okukhangela anikiwe.)

1.1 I-Traditional Clamp Kiln

• Imbali: Ifomu yokuqala ye-kiln, ebuyela kwixesha le-Neolithic, eyakhiwe ngeendunduma zomhlaba okanye iindonga zamatye, ukuxuba amafutha kunye nezitena eziluhlaza.

• Ulwakhiwo: Umoya ovulekileyo okanye ongaphantsi komhlaba, akukho flue engaguqukiyo, ixhomekeke kumoya wendalo.

• Phendla amagama angundoqo“

• Iingenelo:

  • Ulwakhiwo olulula, ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu.

  • Ifanelekile kwimveliso encinci, yethutyana.

• Iingxaki:

  • Ukusebenza kwamafutha aphantsi (kuphela i-10-20%).

  • Ukulawula ubushushu obunzima, umgangatho wemveliso ongazinzanga.

  • Ungcoliseko olukhulu (ukukhutshwa okuphezulu komsi kunye neCO₂).

1.2 Hoffmann Kiln

• Imbali: Yaqanjwa ngowe-1858 yinjineli yaseJamani uFriedrich Hoffmann; ethandwayo ngexesha le-19 kunye nasekuqaleni kwe20.

• Ulwakhiwo: Amagumbi ajikelezayo okanye axande adityaniswe kuthotho; izitena zihlala kwindawo ngelixa indawo yokudubula ihamba.

• Phendla amagama angundoqo: "Indawo enqamlezileyo ye-Hoffmann kiln."

• Iingenelo:

  • Ukuveliswa okuqhubekayo kunokwenzeka, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha (30-40%).

  • Ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, okufanelekileyo kwimveliso ephakathi.

• Iingxaki:

  • Ukulahleka kobushushu obuphezulu obuvela kwisakhiwo seziko.

  • Umsebenzi onzima, kunye nokusabalalisa ubushushu obungalinganiyo.

1.3 I-Tonnel Kiln

• Imbali: Yandiswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20; ngoku yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yemveliso yeshishini.

• Ulwakhiwo: Itonela elide apho iimoto ezifakwe kwizitena zidlula ngokuqhubekayo kwindawo yokufudumeza, ukudubula kunye neendawo zokupholisa.

• Phendla amagama angundoqo: "Itoneli yezitena."

• Iingenelo:

  • Ukuzenzekelayo okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu be-50-70%.

  • Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ongaguqukiyo.

  • Ubuhlobo bendalo (ekwazi ukubuyisela ubushushu benkunkuma kunye ne-desulfurization).

• Iingxaki:

  • Iindleko eziphezulu zotyalo-mali lokuqala kunye nokugcinwa kwazo.

  • Isebenza ngokwezoqoqosho kuphela kwimveliso enkulu eqhubekayo.

1.4 IGesi yale mihla kunye neeKilni zoMbane

• Imbali: Iphuhliswe kwinkulungwane ye-21 ngokuphendula iimfuno zokusingqongileyo kunye nezobuchwepheshe, zihlala zisetyenziselwa i-refractory ephezulu okanye izitena ezikhethekileyo.

• Ulwakhiwo: Iikhilni ezivaliweyo ezifudunyezwa zizinto zombane okanye izitshisi zerhasi, ezinolawulo oluzenzekelayo lobushushu.

• Phendla amagama angundoqo: "Iziko lombane lezitena," "itoneli yegesi."

• Iingenelo:

  • Ukukhutshwa kwezero (izitofu zombane) okanye ungcoliseko oluphantsi (izitofu zegesi).

  • Ubushushu obukhethekileyo obufanayo (ngaphakathi kwe ±5°C).

• Iingxaki:

  • Iindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza (ezinobuzaza kumbane okanye kumaxabiso egesi).

  • Ukuxhomekeka kunikezelo lwamandla oluzinzileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa.

2. Ukuzivelela ngokwembali kweeKilns zezitena

• Kudala ukuya kwinkulungwane ye-19: Ngokuyintloko i-clamp kilns kunye ne-batch-type kilns ezibaswa ngamaplanga okanye amalahle, kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi kakhulu kwemveliso.

• Kwinkulungwane ye-19: Ukuveliswa kweHoffmann kiln kwenza imveliso engaqhubiyo kwaye yakhuthaza ushishino.

• Inkulungwane yama-20: Izitofu zetonela ziye zasasazeka, zidibanisa umatshini kunye ne-automation, ekhokelela kwishishini lokuvelisa izitena zodongwe; imimiselo yokusingqongileyo ikwaqhubele phambili uphuculo olufana nokucocwa kwegesi yombane kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela ubushushu obumdaka.

• Inkulungwane yama-21: Ukuvela kwee-kilns zamandla acocekileyo (igesi yendalo, umbane) kunye nokwamkelwa kweenkqubo zokulawula idijithali (PLC, IoT) yaba ngumgangatho.

3. Uthelekiso lweeKilns eziPhambili zanamhlanje

4. Imiba ephambili ekuKhethweni kweKiln

• Isikali seMveliso: Isikali esincinci sifanelana neekhilni zikaHoffmann; isikali esikhulu sidinga iitonela zokutshiza.

• Ubukho beFuel: Iindawo ezinobuninzi bamalahle zithanda izitofu zetonela; imimandla etyebile ngegesi inokuthathela ingqalelo izitofu zerhasi.

• IiMfuno zokusiNgqongileyo: Imimandla ephuhlisiwe idinga iikhini zegesi okanye zombane; izitofu zetonela zihlala zixhaphakile kumazwe asakhasayo.

• Uhlobo lweMveliso: Izitena zodongwe ezisemgangathweni zisebenzisa iitoneli zetonela, ngelixa izitena ezikhethekileyo zifuna izitena ezinolawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu.

5. IiNdlela zekamva

• Ulawulo olukrelekrele: Iiparamitha zokutsha ezilungiselelwe i-AI, ixesha langempela lokubeka iliso kwimoya ngaphakathi kweekhilns.

• Ikhabhoni ephantsi: Uvavanyo lweekhilni ezifuswe nge-hydrogen kunye nezinye iindlela ze-biomass.

• Uyilo lweModyuli: Iikhilni ezenziwe ngaphambili zokuhlanganisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulungiswa kwamandla okuguquguqukayo.