Ukususela ekuzalweni, wonke umntu ehlabathini uxakeke kuphela ngamagama amane: "impahla, ukutya, indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuthutha". Emva kokuba betyiswe baze banxityiswe, baqalisa ukucinga ngokuphila ubomi obutofotofo. Xa kufikelelwa kwikhusi, kufuneka bakhe izindlu, bakhe izakhiwo ezihlangabezana neemeko zokuhlala, yaye ukwakha izindlu kufuna izinto zokwakha. Enye yezinto eziphambili zokwakha zizitena ezahlukeneyo. Ukwenza izitena kunye nokwenza izitena ezilungileyo, oomatshini bezitena bayimfuneko. Baninzi oomatshini bezitena abasetyenziselwa ukwenza izitena, kwaye banokuhlelwa ngokuthe ngqo
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### **1. Ukuhlelwa ngokohlobo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada**
1. **Umatshini wokwenza izitena zodongwe**
- **Imathiriyeli ekrwada**: Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zendalo ezifana nodongwe kunye neshale, ezifikeleleka lula.
- **Iimpawu zenkqubo**: Ifuna i-sintering yobushushu obuphezulu (njengezitena zemveli ezibomvu), ngelixa ezinye izixhobo zale mihla zixhasa ukuveliswa kwezitena zodongwe ezingatshiyo (ngokuxuba izibophelelo ezikhethekileyo okanye ukubumba okunoxinzelelo oluphezulu).
- **Isicelo**: Izitena zesintu ezibomvu, izitena ezitshisiweyo, kunye nezitena zodongwe ezingatshiyo.
2. **Umatshini wokwenza izitena zekhonkrithi**
- **Imathiriyeli ekrwada**: isamente, isanti, iaggregate, amanzi, njl.
- **Iimpawu zenkqubo**: Ukwenziwa ngokungcangcazela kunye noxinzelelo, kulandele ukunyangwa kwendalo okanye ukunyanga ngomphunga.
- **Izicelo **: izitena zesamente, i-curbs, izitena ezivuzayo, njl.
3. **Umatshini wokwenza izitena ohambelana nokusingqongileyo**
- **Izixhobo eziluhlaza **: i-fly ash, i-slag, inkunkuma yokwakha, inkunkuma yamashishini, njl.
- **Iimpawu zenkqubo**: Inkqubo yokungatshisi, ukusebenzisa udibaniso lwenkunkuma kunye nokubumba, ukonga umbane kunye nokusingqongileyo.
- **Izicelo**: Izitena ezihambelana ne-eco-friendly, izitena ezikhaphukhaphu, izitena zokugquma, izitena ezinogwebu, iibhloko ezifakwe umoya, njl.
4. **Umatshini wokwenza izitena zeGypsum**
- **Imathiriyeli ekrwada**: igypsum, imathiriyeli eyomelezwe yifayibha.
- **Iimpawu zenkqubo **: Ukubunjwa kokuqina okukhawulezileyo, okufanelekileyo kwizitena zokwahlulahlula.
- ** Isicelo **: iibhodi zokwahlula kwangaphakathi, izitena zokuhombisa.
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### **II. Ukuhlelwa ngokwendlela yokwenza izitena**
1. **Umatshini wezitena owenza uxinzelelo**
- **Umgaqo**: Imathiriyeli ekrwada icinezelwa ukuze imile ngoxinzelelo lwehydraulic okanye ngomatshini.
- **Iimpawu**: Ukuxinana okuphezulu komzimba wezitena, ezifanelekileyo kwizitena zesamente yekalika kunye nezitena ezingatshiyo.
- ** Iimodeli ezimele **: umatshini wezitena we-hydraulic static press, i-lever-type press brick.
2. **Umatshini wokubumba izitena ezingcangcazelayo**
- **Umgaqo**: Sebenzisa i-vibration ephezulu-frequency ukuhlanganisa imathiriyeli ekrwada ngaphakathi kokungunda.
- **Iimpawu **: Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemveliso, ifanelekile kwizitena ezingenanto kunye nezitena ezinemingxuma.
- ** Iimodeli ezimele **: umatshini wokwenza izitena ezingcangcazelayo, umatshini wokwenza iibhloko.
3. **Umatshini wokwenza izitena okhuphayo**
- **Umgaqo**: Imathiriyeli ekrwada yeplastiki ikhutshelwa kwimilo yestriphu nge-spiral extruder emva koko isikwe kwiibhilithi zezitena.
- **Iimpawu**: Ifanelekile kwizitena zodongwe kunye nezitena ze-sintered, ezifuna ukomiswa okulandelayo kunye ne-sintering.
- ** Imodeli emele **: Umatshini wezitena ze-vacuum extrusion. (Umatshini wezitena we-brand Wanda loluhlobo lomatshini wokucoca i-vacuum)
4. **Umatshini wokwenza izitena woshicilelo lwe-3D**
- **Umgaqo**: Ukwenza isitena ngokubeka imathiriyeli ngolawulo lwedijithali.
- **Iimpawu**: Iimilo ezintsonkothileyo ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, ezifanelekileyo kwizitena zokuhombisa kunye nezitena ezimile.
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### **III. Ukuhlelwa ngeemveliso ezigqityiweyo **
1. **Umatshini wezitena eziqinileyo**
- **Imveliso egqityiweyo**: isitena esiqinileyo (njengesitena esibomvu esiqhelekileyo, isitena esiqinileyo sesamente).
- ** Iimpawu **: Ulwakhiwo olulula, amandla oxinzelelo oluphezulu, kodwa ubunzima obunzima.
2. **Umatshini wezitena ongenanto **
- **Iimveliso ezigqityiweyo **: izitena ezingenanto, izitena ezinemingxuma (kunye ne-porosity ye-15% -40%).
- **Iimpawu**: lightweight, ubushushu kunye nokugqunywa kwesandi, kunye nokugcinwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada.
3. **Umatshini wezitena kwipavement**
- **Iimveliso ezigqityiweyo **: izitena ezivuzayo, i-curbs, izitena zokutyala ingca, njl.
- **Iimpawu**: Umngundo unokuthathelwa indawo, unokwakheka okwahlukeneyo komphezulu, kwaye uyaxhathisa kuxinzelelo kunye nokuguga.
4. **Umatshini wezitena zokuhombisa**
- ** Iimveliso ezigqityiweyo **: ilitye lenkcubeko, izitena zakudala, izitena ezinemibala, njl.
- **Iimpawu**: Ifuna iimolds ezikhethekileyo okanye iinkqubo zonyango lomphezulu, ezinexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo.
5. **Umatshini wezitena okhethekileyo**
- **Iimveliso ezigqityiweyo **: izitena eziphikisayo, izitena zokufakelwa, iibhloko zekhonkrithi ezifakwe umoya, njl.
- **Iimpawu**: Ifuna i-high-temperature sintering okanye iinkqubo ze-foaming, kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zobugcisa bezixhobo.
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Isishwankathelo: Ukwakhiwa akukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezitena ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukwenza izitena akukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle koomatshini bezitena. Ukhetho oluthile lomatshini wezitena lunokumiselwa ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zendawo: 1. Ukubekwa kwemarike: Ukuvelisa izitena zokwakha eziqhelekileyo, umatshini wezitena we-vacuum extrusion ungasetyenziswa, onomthamo ophezulu wokuvelisa, izinto ezininzi eziluhlaza, kunye nemarike ebanzi. 2. Iimfuno zenkqubo: Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokwakha ezizimeleyo okanye imveliso encinci, umatshini wezitena ze-samente ezigungqisayo unokukhethwa, ofuna utyalo-mali oluncinci kwaye uvelise iziphumo ezikhawulezayo, kwaye unokuveliswa kwisitayela sentsapho. 3. Iimfuno zemathiriyeli ekrwada: Ukulungiselela ukusetyenzwa kobuchwephesha benkunkuma yamashishini okanye inkunkuma yokwakha, efana nothuthu lwempukane, unokukhethwa umatshini wezitena owenziwe ngekonkrithi. Emva kokuhlolwa, inkunkuma yokwakha ingasetyenziselwa kumatshini wezitena zokubumba okanye utyunyuzwe kwaye uxutywe nodongwe lomatshini we-extrusion wokubumba umatshini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-05-2025