Imithetho-siseko, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza okusisiseko kwee-tunnel kilns zahlanganiswa kwiseshoni yangaphambili. Le seshoni iya kugxininisa ekusebenzeni kunye neendlela zokusombulula iingxaki zokusebenzisa izitofu zetonela ukutshisa izitena zokwakha ngodongwe. Iziko elibaswa ngamalahle liya kusetyenziswa njengomzekelo.
I. Umahluko
Izitena zodongwe zenziwe ngomhlaba onomxholo ophantsi wamaminerali, iplastiki ephezulu, kunye neempawu zokubambelela. Amanzi anzima ukususa kule nto, okwenza izitena zibe nzima ukomisa xa kuthelekiswa nezitena ze-shale. Kananjalo banamandla angaphantsi. Ke ngoko, izitofu zetonela ezisetyenziselwa ukutshisa izitena zodongwe zahluke kancinane. Ukuphakama kwe-stacking kuphantsi kancinci, kwaye indawo yokufudumala incinci (malunga ne-30-40% yobude obupheleleyo). Ekubeni ubumanzi bezithuba zezitena ezimanzi bumalunga ne-13-20%, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-tunnel kiln eneendawo ezahlukeneyo zokomisa kunye ne-sintering.
II. ULungiselelo lweMisebenzi yokuTyulwa:
Izitena zodongwe ezingenanto zinamandla aphantsi ngokwentelekiso kunye nesiqulatho sokufuma esingaphezulu kancinci, nto leyo eyenza kubenzima ukomisa. Ngoko ke, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ngexesha lokupakisha. Njengoko intetho isitsho, "Izahlulo ezithathu zidubula, izahlulo ezisixhenxe zipakishwe." Xa ubeka i-stacking, okokuqala uphuhlise isicwangciso sokupakisha kwaye ulungiselele izitena ngokufanelekileyo; zibeke kwipatheni yegridi enemiphetho exineneyo kunye namaziko anqabileyo. Ukuba izitena azipakishwanga ngokufanelekileyo, kunokukhokelela ekuweni kokufuma, ukuwa kwemfumba, kunye nokungahambi kakuhle komoya, okwenza inkqubo yokudubula ibe nzima ngakumbi kwaye ibangele iimeko ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nomlilo wangaphambili ungasasazeki, umlilo ongasemva ungagcini, umlilo ophezulu ukhawuleza kakhulu, umlilo ophantsi ucotha kakhulu (umlilo ungafikeleli ezantsi), kwaye umlilo ophakathi ukhawuleza kakhulu ngelixa amacala ecotha kakhulu (engakwazi ukuqhubela phambili).
I-Tunnel Kiln Temperature Curve Ukusetha kwangaphambili: Ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yecandelo ngalinye le-kiln, qala ngokumisela indawo yoxinzelelo lwe-zero. Indawo yokufudumala iphantsi koxinzelelo olubi, ngelixa indawo yokudubula iphantsi koxinzelelo oluhle. Okokuqala, seta iqondo lobushushu le-zero, emva koko usete kwangaphambili amaqondo obushushu kwindawo nganye yemoto, cwangcisa umzobo wejika lobushushu, kwaye ufake iisensom zobushushu kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo. Indawo yokufudumala (indawo emalunga ne-0-12), indawo yokudubula (izikhundla ze-12-22), kunye nendawo yokupholisa eseleyo inokusebenza ngokuhambelana namaqondo okushisa abekwe ngaphambili ngexesha lenkqubo.
III. Amanqaku aPhambili kwiMisebenzi yokuTyulwa
I-Ignition Sequence: Okokuqala, qalisa i-ignition blower (lungisa ukuhamba komoya ukuya kwi-30-50%). Basa iinkuni kunye namalahle kwinqwelo ye-oven, ulawule izinga lokunyuka kweqondo lobushushu ukuya malunga ne-1 ° C ngomzuzu, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukwandisa ubushushu ukuya kuma-200 ° C. Emva kokuba iqondo lokushisa le-kiln lidlula i-200 ° C, yandisa kancinane ukuhamba komoya ukukhawulezisa izinga lokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokufikelela kubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokudubula.
Imisebenzi yokudubula: Gxininisa ngokungqongqo amaqondo obushushu kuzo zonke iindawo ngokwejiko lobushushu. Isantya sokudubula kwizitena zodongwe ngamamitha angama-3-5 ngeyure, kunye nezitena ze-shale, iimitha ezi-4-6 ngeyure. Izixhobo ezikrwada ezahlukeneyo, iindlela zokupakisha, kunye nolungelelwaniso lomxube wepetroli zonke ziya kuchaphazela isantya sokudubula. Ngokomjikelo wokudubula obekiweyo (umzekelo, imizuzu engama-55 ngemoto nganye), qhubela phambili imoto ye-onti ngokufanayo, kwaye wenze ngokukhawuleza xa ulayisha imoto ukunciphisa ixesha lokuvula umnyango we-oven. Gcina uxinzelelo lweziko oluzinzileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. (Indawo yokufudumala: uxinzelelo olubi -10 ukuya -50 Pa; indawo yokudubula: uxinzelelo oluncinci oluncinci 10-20 Pa). Ukulungiswa koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, kunye ne-air damper ilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo, lungisa kuphela isantya se-fan ukulawula uxinzelelo lwe-kiln.
Ukulawula ubushushu: Ukunyusa kancinci iqondo lokushisa kwindawo yokufudumeza malunga ne-50-80 ° C ngemitha nganye ukukhusela ukufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqhekeka kwezitena. Kwindawo yokudubula, qaphela ixesha lokudubula emva kokufikelela kwiqondo lokushisa ekujoliswe kulo ukuze ugweme ukudubula okungaphelelanga ngaphakathi kwezitena. Ukuba utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa lwenzeka kwaye ubude bexesha lobushushu obuphezulu alanelanga, amalahle anokongezwa nge-kiln top. Lawula umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwe-10°C. Kwindawo yokupholisa, lungisa isantya sefeni yokupholisa ukuze ulawule uxinzelelo lomoya kunye nokuhamba komoya ngokusekwe kwiqondo lobushushu lezitena ezigqityiweyo eziphuma kwiziko, ukuthintela ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza ekubangeleni ukuqhekeka kwezitena ezigqityiweyo.
Uhlolo lokuphuma kwiziko: Hlola inkangeleko yezitena ezigqityiweyo eziphuma kwiziko. Kufuneka babe nombala ofanayo. Izitena ezingaphantsi komlilo (iqondo lokushisa eliphantsi okanye ixesha elinganeleyo lokudubula kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, elibangela umbala okhanyayo) lingabuyiselwa kwi-oven ukuze kuqhunyiswe kwakhona. Izitena ezivuthayo (ubushushu obuphezulu obubangela ukunyibilika kunye nokuguqulwa) kufuneka zisuswe kwaye zilahlwe. Izitena ezigqityiweyo ezifanelekileyo zinombala ofanayo kwaye zivelisa isandi esimnandi xa ucofa, kwaye unokuthunyelwa kwindawo yokukhulula ukupakishwa kunye nokuthutha.
IV. Iimpazamo eziQhelekileyo kunye neendlela zokuJonga iingxaki zokuSebenza kweTunnel Kiln
Ubushushu bendawo yomlilo buhluleka ukunyuka: Izitena zokutsha zangaphakathi azizange zidibaniswe ngokuhambelana nokushisa kwazo, kwaye i-fuel inexabiso eliphantsi le-calorific. Isisombululo sokudibanisa okungonelanga: Lungisa umlinganiselo wokudibanisa ukuze ugqithe kancinane inani elifunekayo. Ukuvaleka kwebhokisi yomlilo (ukwakhiwa kothuthu, imizimba yezitena edilikayo) kubangela ukusilela kweoksijini, okukhokelela ekunyukeni okunganelanga kobushushu. Indlela yokusombulula ingxaki: Coca umjelo womlilo, coca umbhobho, kwaye ususe izitena eziluhlaza ezidilikileyo.
I-Kiln imoto yokuma ngexesha lokusebenza: Ukuguqulwa komzila (okubangelwa ukwanda kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa). Indlela yokulungisa ingxaki: Ukulinganisa inqanaba lomzila kunye nesithuba (ukunyamezela ≤ 2 mm), kwaye ulungise okanye ubeke indawo yomzila. Amavili emoto eKiln ukutshixa: Indlela yokulungisa ingxaki: Emva kokukhulula izitena ezigqityiweyo ixesha ngalinye, jonga amavili kwaye usebenzise ioli yokuthambisa ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Ukukhanya komphezulu kwizitena ezigqityiweyo (iqabaka emhlophe): “Isulfure ephezulu ngokugqithisileyo kumzimba wezitena kukhokelela ekwakhekeni kweekristale zesulfate. Indlela yokusombulula ingxaki: Lungisa umlinganiselo wemathiriyeli ekrwada kwaye ufake imathiriyeli ekrwada yesulfure ephantsi. Isiqulatho sesulfure ephezulu ngokugqithisileyo kumalahle. ifikelela malunga nama-600°C ukukhupha umphunga wesulfure okhutshiweyo.”
V. ULondolozo kunye noHlolo
Ukuhlolwa kwemihla ngemihla: Khangela ukuba ucango lweziko luyavula kwaye luvaleke ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba ukutywinwa kuyahlangabezana neemfuno, nokuba inqwelo ye-onti yonakele emva kokuthulula izitena. Hlola iivili zemoto ye-kiln ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, sebenzisa ioli yokuthambisa yobushushu obuphezulu kwivili ngalinye, kwaye ukhangele ukuba imigca yokubeka iliso yobushushu iyonakala, unxibelelwano lukhuselekile, kwaye imisebenzi iqhelekile.
Ukugcinwa kweVeki: Yongeza ioli yokuthambisa kwi-fan, khangela ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kwebhanti kufanelekile, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba zonke iibholiti ziqiniswe ngokukhuselekileyo. Yongeza ioyile yokuthambisa kwimoto yokudlulisa kunye nomatshini wemoto ephezulu. Hlola onke amacandelo okusebenza okuqhelekileyo. Ukuhlolwa koMkhondo: Ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu wobushushu kwi-oven, ukwanda kwe-thermal kunye nokucutheka kunokubangela ukukhululeka komkhondo. Khangela ukuba iintloko track kunye izikhewu phakathi iimoto transfer ziqhelekile.
Ukuhlolwa kwenyanga: Hlola umzimba we-oven ukuze ufumane iintanda, jonga imeko yezitena ze-refractory kunye neendonga ze-kiln, kunye nokulinganisa izixhobo zokubona ubushushu (impazamo <5 ° C).
Ukugcinwa kwekota: Susa i-debris kwi-paseage ye-kiln, uhlambulule i-flue kunye ne-air ducts, uhlolisise imeko yokutywinwa kwamalungu okwandisa kuzo zonke iindawo, jonga uphahla lwe-kiln kunye ne-oven body for defects, kwaye uhlolisise izixhobo zokujikeleza kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ukushisa, njl.
VI. Ukukhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo kunye noKhuseleko
Izitofu zetonela zizitofu zobunjineli ezishushu, kwaye ngakumbi kwizitofu zetonela ezibaswa ngamalahle, unyango lwerhasi yeflue kufuneka luxhotyiswe ngeeprecipitators ezimanzi ze-electrostatic for desulfurization kunye ne-denitrification ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba igesi yombane ekhutshiweyo iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhutshwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu benkunkuma: Umoya oshushu osuka kwindawo yokupholisa uthuthwa ngemibhobho ukuya kwindawo yokufudumeza okanye kwindawo yokomisa ukomisa izitena ezimanzi. Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla malunga ne-20%.
Imveliso yoKhuseleko: Iitonela ezibaswa ngegesi kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokujonga igesi ukuthintela ugqabhuko-dubulo. Izitofu zetonela ezibaswa ngamalahle kufuneka zifakelwe izixhobo zokujonga ikharbhon monoxide, ngakumbi ngexesha lomlilo ukunqanda uqhushumbo kunye netyhefu. Ukubambelela kwiinkqubo zokusebenza kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni imveliso ekhuselekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-16-2025