Oku kulandelayo sisishwankathelo seyantlukwano, iinkqubo zokuvelisa, iimeko zesicelo, iingenelo kunye nokungonakali kwezitena ze-sintered, izitena zebhloko yesamente (iibhloko zekhonkrithi) kunye nezitena ze-foam (ngokuqhelekileyo zibhekisela kwiibhloko zekhonkrithi ezixutywe nge-aerated okanye iibhloko zekhonkrithi ye-foam), ekulungele ukukhetha okufanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi zokwakha:
I. Umahluko ongundoqo uthelekiso
Iprojekthi | Sintered Brick | Isitena seSitena seSamente (iBhloko yeKhonkrithi) | Isitena sogwebu (Ibhlokhi evulwa ngumoya / iBloko yeConcrete enogwebu) |
---|---|---|---|
Izinto eziphambili | Udongwe, i-shale, i-fly ash, njl. (ifuna ukudutyulwa) | Isamente, isanti kunye negrabile, iaggregate (ilitye eliqhekeziweyo / islag, njl.njl.) | Isamente, uthuthu lwempukane, into ekhupha ugwebu (efana nomgubo wealuminiyam), amanzi |
IiMpawu zeMveliso ezigqityiweyo | Ixinene, ubunzima bokuzenzela, amandla aphezulu | Umgongxo okanye oqinileyo, ophakathi ukuya kumandla aphezulu | I-Porous kunye nekhaphukhaphu, ingxinano ephantsi (malunga ne-300-800kg/m³), ukugqunyelelwa kakuhle kwe-thermal kunye nokufakwa kwesandi |
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo | Isitena esiqhelekileyo: 240×115×53mm (esiqinileyo) | Eqhelekileyo: 390×190×190mm (ubukhulu becala iholoholo) | Okuqhelekileyo: 600×200×200mm (umngxuma, isakhiwo esinemingxuma) |
II.Umahluko kwiiNkqubo zokuVelisa
1.Izitena zeSintered
●Inkqubo:
Ukuhlolwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada → imathiriyeli ekrwada ukutyumza → Ukuxuba nokuzamisa →坯体成型 → Ukomisa → Ubushushu obuphezulu be-sintering (800-1050℃) → Ukupholisa.
●Inkqubo engundoqo:
Ngokudubula, utshintsho lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali (ukunyibilika, i-crystallization) kwenzeka kudongwe ukwenza isakhiwo esinamandla aphezulu.
●Iimpawu:
Izixhobo zodongwe zininzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma enje nge-slag yasemgodini wamalahle kunye neentsalela zezimbiwa ezikrwada kunokunciphisa ungcoliseko. Ingenziwa kwimizi-mveliso yokuvelisa ngobuninzi. Izitena ezigqityiweyo zinamandla amakhulu, ukuzinza okulungileyo kunye nokuqina.
2.Izitena zeSamente (iibhloko zekhonkrithi)
●Inkqubo:
Isamente + Isanti kunye negrabile aggregate + Amanzi Ukuxuba kunye nokushukumisa → Ukubunjwa ngokungcangcazela / ngokucinezela kubumba → Unyango lwendalo okanye ukunyanga umphunga (iintsuku ezi-7-28).
●Inkqubo engundoqo:
Ngokusebenzisa i-hydration reaction yesamente, iibhloko eziqinileyo (ezithwele umthwalo) okanye iibhloko ezingenanto (ezingathwali umthwalo) zinokuveliswa. Ezinye ii-aggregates ezilula (ezifana ne-slag, i-ceramsite) zongezwa ukunciphisa ubunzima bokuzimela.
●Iimpawu:
Inkqubo ilula kwaye umjikelo umfutshane. Inokuveliswa kwinqanaba elikhulu, kwaye amandla anokulungiswa (ukulawulwa ngumlinganiselo womxube). Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima bokuzimela bukhulu kunobo bezitena ze-foam. Iindleko zezitena ezigqityiweyo ziphezulu kwaye imveliso ilinganiselwe, efanelekileyo kwimveliso encinci.
3.Izitena zogwebu (Izitena ezinogwebu / iibhloko zeConcrete ezinogwebu)
●Inkqubo:
Imathiriyeli ekrwada (isamente, uthuthu lwempukane, isanti) + Iarhente yogwebu (i-hydrogen iveliswa xa umgubo wealuminiyam udibana namanzi ukuya kugwebu) ukuxuba → Ukugalela kunye nogwebu → Ukuseta okuzinzileyo kunye nokunyanga → Ukusika nokwenza → Ukunyanga kwe-autoclave (180-200℃, iiyure eziyi-8-12).
●Inkqubo engundoqo:
I-agent ekhupha amagwebu isetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-pores ezifanayo, kunye nesakhiwo se-crystal esine-porous (njenge-tobermorite) senziwa nge-autoclave curing, ekhaphukhaphu kwaye ineempawu zokufakelwa kwe-thermal.
●Iimpawu:
Iqondo le-automation liphezulu kwaye ligcina amandla (ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okunyanga kwe-autoclave kuphantsi kune-sintering), kodwa iimfuno zomlinganiselo wezinto eziluhlaza kunye nolawulo lwe-foaming luphezulu. Amandla oxinzelelo aphantsi kwaye awaxhathisi kwiqhwa. Ingasetyenziselwa kuphela kwizakhiwo zesakhiwo sesakhelo kunye neendonga zokuzalisa.
III.Ukwahluka kwezicelo kwiiProjekthi zoKwakha
1.Izitena zeSintered
●Imeko Esebenzayo:
Iindonga ezithwele imithwalo yezakhiwo eziphantsi (ezifana nezakhiwo zokuhlala ezingaphantsi kwemigangatho emithandathu), iindonga ezivaliweyo, izakhiwo ezinesitayela se-retro (esebenzisa ukubonakala kwezitena ezibomvu).
Amalungu afuna ukuqina okuphezulu (okufana neziseko, ukugalela ngaphandle komhlaba).
●Izinto eziluncedo:
Amandla aphezulu (MU10-MU30), ukumelana nemozulu elungileyo kunye nokumelana neqabaka, ubomi benkonzo ende.
Inkqubo yesiNtu ikhulile kwaye inokuguquguquka okunamandla (ukubambelela kakuhle ngodaka).
●Izinto ezingeloncedo:
Isebenzisa izixhobo zodongwe kunye nenkqubo yokudubula ibangela iqondo elithile longcoliseko (kule mihla, izitena ze-fly ash / shale sintered zikhuthazwa ukuba zithathe indawo yezitena zodongwe).
Ubunzima bomzimba omkhulu (malunga ne-1800kg/m³), esonyusa umthwalo wesakhiwo.
2.Izitena zeBhlokhi yesamente
●Imeko Esebenzayo:
Iibhloko ezithwele imithwalo (eqinile / e-porous): Ukuzalisa iindonga zezakhiwo zefreyimu, iindonga ezithwele imithwalo yezakhiwo eziphantsi (ibakala lamandla MU5-MU20).
Iibhloko ezingenanto ezingenamthwalo: Iindonga zezahlulo zangaphakathi zezakhiwo eziphakamileyo (ukunciphisa ubunzima bokuzimela).
●Izinto eziluncedo:
Imveliso yomatshini omnye iphantsi kwaye ixabiso liphezulu kancinci.
Amandla anokulungiswa, izinto eziluhlaza zifumaneka ngokulula, kwaye imveliso ilungile (ibhloko inkulu, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-masonry kuphezulu).
Ukuqina okulungileyo, kunokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezimanzi (ezifana nezindlu zangasese, iindonga zesiseko).
●Izinto ezingeloncedo:
Ubunzima bokuzimela obukhulu (malunga ne-1800kg/m³ kwiibhloko eziqinileyo, malunga ne-1200kg/m³ kwiibhloko ezingenanto), ukusebenza kokugquma kwe-thermal jikelele (ukujiya okanye ukongeza umaleko owongezelelweyo wokugquma kwe-thermal kuyafuneka).
Ukufunxwa kwamanzi aphezulu, kuyimfuneko ukuyisela kwaye uyifumise phambi kobumesi ukuze ugweme ukulahleka kwamanzi kumdaka.
3.Izitena zogwebu (Izitena ezinogwebu / iibhloko zeConcrete ezinogwebu)
●Imeko Esebenzayo:
Iindonga ezingathwali mthwalo: Iindonga zezahlulo zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphandle zezakhiwo eziphakamileyo (ezifana nokuzalisa iindonga zezakhiwo zesakhelo), izakhiwo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokugcina amandla (i-thermal insulation iyadingeka).
Ayifanelekanga: Iziseko, iindawo ezimanzi (ezifana nezindlu zangasese, amagumbi angaphantsi), izakhiwo zokuthwala imithwalo.
●Izinto eziluncedo:
Ubunzima (ubuninzi buyi-1/4 ukuya kwi-1/3 kuphela yezitena ezixutywe), ukunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wesakhiwo kunye nokugcina inani lekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo.
Ukufakwa kakuhle kwe-thermal kunye ne-sound insulation (i-thermal conductivity yi-0.1-0.2W / (m · K), eyi-1/5 yezo zitena ezidibeneyo), ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokonga amandla.
Ulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo: Ibhloko inkulu (ubungakanani buhlala buqhelekile), inokugawulwa kwaye icwangciswe, i-flatness yodonga iphezulu, kwaye i-plaster layer iyancipha.
●Izinto ezingeloncedo:
Amandla aphantsi (amandla okuxininisa ubukhulu becala yi-A3.5-A5.0, ifanelekile kuphela kwiindawo ezingenayo imithwalo), umphezulu kulula ukonakala, kwaye ukungqubana kufuneka kugwenywe.
Ukufunxwa kwamanzi okunamandla (izinga lokufunxa amanzi li-20% -30%), unyango lwe-interface luyafuneka; kulula ukuthambisa kwindawo emanzi, kwaye umaleko wobungqina bokufuma uyafuneka.
Ukubambelela okubuthathaka kunye nodaka oluqhelekileyo, i-adhesive ekhethekileyo okanye i-agent ye-interface iyafuneka.
IV.Indlela yokukhetha? Imiba yoNxibelelwano olungundoqo
●IiMfuno zokuthwala umthwalo:
Iindonga ezithwala imithwalo: Zinike kuqala izitena ezitshisiweyo (kwizakhiwo ezincinci eziphakamileyo) okanye iibhloko zesamente eziqine kakhulu (MU10 nangaphezulu).
Iindonga ezingathwali mthwalo: Khetha izitena ezinogwebu (ukunika kuqala ukonga amandla) okanye iibhloko zesamente ezingenanto (ukubeka kuqala kwiindleko).
●I-Thermal Insulation kunye noLondolozo lwaMandla:
Kwiindawo ezibandayo okanye izakhiwo zokulondoloza amandla: Izitena ze-Foam (ezine-insulation eyakhelwe ngaphakathi), akukho mfuneko yokongeza i-thermal insulation layer; kwiindawo ezishushu zasehlotyeni nasebusika ezibandayo, ukhetho lunokudibaniswa nemozulu.
●Imiqathango yokusingqongileyo:
Kwiindawo ezimanzi (ezifana namagumbi angaphantsi, amakhitshi kunye nezindlu zangasese): Kuphela izitena ezitshisiweyo kunye neebhloko zesamente (kuyafuneka ukucocwa kwamanzi) ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe, kunye nezitena ezinogwebu (ezinokonakala ngenxa yokufunxa kwamanzi) kufuneka ziphetshwe.
Kwiindawo ezingaphandle ezivulelekileyo: Nika kuqala izitena ezitshisiweyo (ukumelana nemozulu eyomeleleyo) okanye iibhloko zesamente ezinonyango olungaphezulu.
Isishwankathelo
●Izitena ze-Sintered:Izitena eziphakamileyo zendabuko, ezifanelekileyo kwizakhiwo ezisezantsi ezithwala umthwalo kunye ne-retro, ngokuzinza okulungileyo kunye nokuqina.
●Izitena zeebhloko zesamente:Utyalo-mali oluncinci, izitayela ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso, ezifanelekileyo kwiindonga ezahlukeneyo zokuthwala / ezingathwali mthwalo. Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lesamente, ixabiso liphezulu kancinci.
●Izitena ezinogwebu:Ukhetho lokuqala olulula kunye nokugcina amandla, olufanelekileyo kwiindonga zezahlulo zangaphakathi zezakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunye neemeko ezine-insulation ephezulu ye-thermal.iimfuno, kodwa ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukufuma-ubungqina kunye nokunciphisa amandla.
Ngokweemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi (ukuthwala umthwalo, ukonga amandla, indawo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali), kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ngokudibeneyo. Ukuthwala umthwalo, khetha izitena ze-sintered. Kwiziseko, khetha izitena ezidibeneyo. Kwiindonga ezivaliweyo kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala, khetha izitena ze-sintered kunye nezitena ze-samente. Kwizakhiwo zesakhelo, khetha izitena ze-foam ezilula kwiindonga zokwahlula kunye neendonga zokuzalisa.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-09-2025