Intshayelelo
Izitena zodongwe, ezaziwa ngokuba yimbali yophuhliso lwabantu eludakeni kunye nomlilo ocinywe kwi-crystallization eqaqambileyo, kodwa kunye nomlambo omde wenkcubeko yezokwakha kwi "fossil ephilayo" ephilayo. Kwiimfuno ezisisiseko zokusinda komntu-ukutya, impahla, izindlu, kunye nezothutho, ukuvela kwempucuko yokuhlala, ikwaqaqambisa kakhulu ukubaluleka kwezitena kunye neethayile.
Ukuphuhliswa koomatshini bokwenza izitena
UbuChwephesha bokwenza izitena zamandulo
“Isitena Sokuqala SaseTshayina” esavunjululwa eLantian, eXi’an, sathabatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-5 000 yaye sinikela ubungqina kubulumko bookhokho baseTshayina. Kwiminyaka engamawaka amabini eyadlulayo, ngexesha lesitena se-Qin kunye nethayile ye-Han, ishishini lokwenza izitena lalisele likwindawo yokuqala: i-Qin Dynasty yakhokela ekuvuleni ukuveliswa okusemgangathweni kwezitena zodongwe, ibeka isiseko senkqubo kunye neenkcukacha "zonyawo olunye ubude, isiqingatha sonyawo ububanzi kunye nee-intshi ezintathu ubukhulu", zincediswa yinkqubo yamandulo yokutyumza isilwanyana kunye nokwenza umgca wezilwanyana kunye nokwenza isilwanyana. iicontours zeshishini lokwenza izitena ngeentsuku zokuqala. Kwi-Tang, iNgoma, i-Ming, kunye ne-Qing dynasties, ukuqaliswa kwe-waterwheel, isixhobo sokuxuba esinamandla samanzi, saphawula ukutshintshwa kwenkqubo yokwenza izitena ukusuka kubasebenzi ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha elixhotyiswe ngamandla endalo, ukubeka isiseko soshishino olulandelayo.
Ukuphumelela kweteknoloji yomatshini wokwenza izitena
Ukuveliswa kwe-injini yomphunga kwakhokelela kwimizi-mveliso, kodwa kwachaphazela uphuhliso lweshishini lokwenza izitena, ukutshintsha imeko yangaphambili kumawaka eminyaka edlulileyo yokuhluthwa komngundo ngamaplanga, ngo-1850, i-United Kingdom yathatha ukhokelo ekusetyenzisweni kwe-injini yomphunga eqhutywa ngezitena. Mechanical endaweni manual, umthamo anda izihlandlo ezininzi, kwaye ke ngokukhawuleza yasasazeka eYurophu, kwaye ikhuthaze uhlaziyo iziko Hoffman kunye nokuphuculwa, ngo-1873 Schlichtson German uyilwe esebenzayo esezantsi silo uxinzelelo ipleyiti yodongwe shaft, 1910 i esanda kuyilwa motor yombane endaweni injini umphunga, ukuze screw extruder isikrufu, umatshini izitena ukumila kuluncedo ngakumbi, umatshini izitena extrusion ukulungeleka ngakumbi kwaye ibe yeyona nto iphambili kushishino lokwenza izitena.
Oomatshini bezitena eziqhelekileyo ubukhulu becala ngokusebenzisa ukujikeleziswa jijwa kwezinto ekrwada extrusion extrusion zibe uxande imivalo yodongwe, kwaye ke ngokusebenzisa umatshini wokusika bar ukusika izitena ezingenanto ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ubungakanani. Ukubeka nje, umatshini wesitena oqhelekileyo sisinciphisi kunye ne-screw ejikelezayo kwi-cylinder yodaka kumgaqo-siseko.
Ukuzalwa kunye nokuthandwa komatshini wokwenza izitena zevacuum
Inkampani yaseJamani iLinge ngo-1930 okokuqala ngqa ipompo yokufunxa koomatshini bezitena, ukuqaliswa komatshini wokwenza izitena womatshini wokufunxa. Umgaqo osebenzayo kukuba ngaphambi kokuba isikrufu siqale
ukukhupha izinto eziluhlaza, impompo yokucoca ipompoza umoya kwizinto eziluhlaza, inciphisa uxinzelelo olubi kumgqomo wokutywina oyimfihlo wezitena, inciphisa umoya kwi-billet, ikhuphe amaqamza omoya we-billet, kwaye iphucule ngakumbi ukubumbana kunye namandla ebhili.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1950, i-China yazisa ubuchwepheshe bokwenza izitena ukusuka kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union, ivula umkhusane wokwenziwa kwemveliso yezitena. Ngowe-1978, ngesantya sohlaziyo nokuvulwa, iYurophu neUnited States zaziswa ubugcisa bokwenza izitena obuhambele phambili kweli lizwe, yaye kwabakho umatshini wokuqala wokwenza izitena wohlobo lwebipolar extruder. Ubuchwephesha bukhokele eHenan, eShandong, eHeilongjiang, nakwezinye iindawo ukuze kuthathelwe iingcambu, kwaye kwakha kwaqulunqa ipatheni enkulu yokuvelisa.
Ukuphuculwa komatshini wokwenza izitena zeVacuum
Umatshini wokwenza izitena zodongwe kushishino loomatshini bezitena baseTshayina ubonisa amandla abalaseleyo okuvelisa izinto ezintsha - hayi ngokukhutheleyo nje ukufunxa umongo wobugcisa bamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa nokukhuthaza uphuculo lwasekhaya ngobulumko kunye nobuchule. Thatha iHenan Wangda Brick Machinery Factory njengomzekelo, i-brand "Wangda" ye-JKY55/55-4.0 kunye neemodeli ezingasentla ziye zaqaphela inani leempumelelo eziphambili zetekhnoloji, eziye zaba ngumzekelo womgangatho wophuculo lweshishini.
1. Inkqubo yokunciphisa: iigiya ezilukhuni kunye nokuthambisa ngenkani
i-minimer ithatha inkqubo yegiya eqinile kunye nesixhobo esinamandla sokuthambisa. Iigiya ezilukhuni zicutshungulwa ngenkqubo yokunyanga ukushisa, kwaye iigiya ezicutshungulwayo zihlanjululwa kwakhona emva kokucima, ukucima, kunye nokuqhelekileyo ukuphelisa iziphene kunye nokuxinzelela uxinzelelo. Iigiya eziye zaphathwa ubushushu ziigiya eziqinileyo. Kwaye ke ukuqina akuncitshiswa ngaxeshanye, ukuphucula ukuqina kobuso bezinyo, kunye nokwandisa ukomelela kunye nokunganyangeki, ukuthambisa okunyanzeliswayo kuhamba ngempompo yegiya ukuya kwioyile yokuthambisa ngombhobho weoyile ukuya kwiindawo zokuthambisa, ukuze umphezulu wegiya nganye kunye nomthwalo ngamnye ufumane elona nani lifanelekileyo le-oyile yokunciphisa ukubola kunye nokukrazula kwamalungu, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo.
2. Ubume be-spindle: ukubamba uqhagamshelwano lohlobo lwe-shaft kunye nenkqubo ye-shaft edadayo
I-spindle ithatha umdibaniso wohlobo lwe-shaft yokubamba, eqinisekisa ukugxila kwe-shaft enkulu kwaye ithintele i-oscillation yomzimba womatshini. Isiseko sokuphotha samkela iibheringi zethrust, iibheringi ezizingqukuva kabini kusetyenziswa. Ukuthwala isihlalo kunye nediski ye-asbestos kunye nokutywinwa kweoli kunye nokunye ukutywinwa kweendlela ezininzi zokuqinisekisa ukutywinwa kwebhokisi ye-vacuum. I-shaft ephambili kwi-cylinder yodaka iphuculwe kunye nenkqubo ye-socket edadayo, i-shaft edadayo inokuzichaza i-Chongqing emva kokuba izinto eziluhlaza zingene kuwe nje. Inkqubo yeshafti edadayo ukuze ishafti engundoqo ingaze yaphuke, izijongele ngokwayo ukunqanda ukugoba kweshafti enkulu ebangelwa kukujinga komzimba.
3. I-spiral engundoqo: uyilo lwe-pitch eguquguqukayo kunye ne-high chrome alloy material
Uphuculo olungundoqo lwe-spiral, okokuqala, kwi-pitch yoyilo lwe-pitch eguquguqukayo, ukusetyenziswa kokutyisa, kunye noxinzelelo olunamandla. Pressurization, inkqubo extrusion eyomeleleyo, ukuze billet compactness anda ngama-30%, amandla billet emanzi ukuya Mu4.0 okanye ngaphezulu, izitena emanzi billet iyadi ubude malunga neshumi elinesihlanu umaleko, umatshini isitena eqhelekileyo emanzi billet iyadi imigangatho ezisixhenxe. Izinto ezijikelezayo zenziwe nge-alloy ye-chrome ephezulu, ubomi ngama-4-6 amaxesha e-carbon steel spiral, eyenza i-spiral igugile, ikhulise ubomi benkonzo, kwaye inciphisa inani lokugcinwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-10-2025