Imba yehovhoni inogamuchirwa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekugadzira zvidhinha nhasi ihovhoni. Pfungwa yehuni yekugezera yakatanga kutsanangurwa uye yakatanga kugadzirwa nemaFrench, kunyangwe isina kumbovakwa. Yekutanga honi yekubikira yakarongedzerwa kugadzira zvidhinha yakagadzirwa neGerman injiniya 2-bhuku muna 1877, uyo akaisawo patent yayo. Nekutorwa kwakapararira kwemachombo ekugezera, zvinhu zvitsva zvakawanda zvakabuda. Zvichienderana nehupamhi hwemukati mambure, dzakakamurwa kuita diki-chikamu (≤2.8 metres), yepakati-chikamu (3-4 metres), uye yakakura-chikamu (≥4.6 metres). Nerudzi rwehovhoni, dzinosanganisira micro-dome type, flat sirin'i type, uye mhete-yakaita inofamba mhando. Nekushandisa nzira, dzinosanganisira roller kilns uye shuttle kilns. Push-plate kilns. Kubva pamhando yemafuta anoshandiswa: kune avo vanoshandisa marasha sehuni (inonyanya kushandiswa), avo vanoshandisa gasi kana gasi rechisikigo (rinoshandiswa kupfura zvidhinha zvisiri-refractory uye zvidhinha zvemadziro zvakapfava, kunyanya kune zvidhinha zvepamusoro), avo vanoshandisa mafuta anorema kana magetsi akasanganiswa, uye avo vanoshandisa biomass fuel, etc. sintering, uye kutonhodza zvikamu, zvine zvigadzirwa zvinofamba zvakatarisana nekuyerera kwegasi, itunnel honi.
Tunnel kilns dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya semafuta einjiniya ekupisa zvidhinha zvekuvaka, zvidhinha zvinoramba, mataira e ceramic, uye ceramics. Mumakore achangopfuura, tunnel kilns dzakashandiswawo kupisa mvura yekuchenesa maajenti uye zvigadzirwa zvemabhatiri e lithium. Tunnel kilns ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa uye inouya mumhando dzakawanda, imwe neimwe iine maitiro ayo. Nhasi, tichatarisa pane-cross-section tunnel kiln inoshandiswa kupfura zvidhinha zvekuvaka.
1. Musimboti: Sechoto inopisa, hovhoni yemukoto inoda kudziya. Chero zvinhu zvinopisa zvinogona kuunza kupisa zvinogona kushandiswa sehuni yehuni yehuni (mafuta akasiyana anogona kukonzera mutsauko mukuvakwa kwenzvimbo). Mafuta anopisa mukamuri yekupisa mukati memoto, achigadzira yakanyanya-tembiricha flue gasi. Pasi pesimba re fan, iyo yepamusoro-tembiricha gasi inoyerera inofamba ichienda kune yakatarisana kune zvigadzirwa zvinodzingwa. Kupisa kunotamirwa kune zvidhinha zvivharo pamotokari yemoto, iyo inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma mumigwagwa ichipinda muchoto. Zvidhinha zvemota yemoto zvinoramba zvichipisa. Chikamu pamberi pekamuri yekupisa ndiyo preheating zone (inenge pamberi pechigumi chemota chinzvimbo). Iwo mabheji ezvidhinha anopisa zvishoma nezvishoma uye anodziya munzvimbo yekupisa, achibvisa unyoro uye organic zvinhu. Sezvo motokari yemoto inopinda munzvimbo yekupisa, zvidhinha zvinosvika pakupisa kwekupisa (850 ° C yezvidhinha zvevhu uye 1050 ° C yezvidhinha zve shale) uchishandisa kupisa kunobudiswa kubva mukupisa kwemafuta, kuchinjwa kwemuviri uye makemikari kuumba chimiro chakaoma. Ichi chikamu inzvimbo yekupfuta (zvakare iyo yakanyanya-tembiricha zone) yechoto, inotenderera ingangoita 12th kusvika 22nd zvinzvimbo. Mushure mokupfuura nepakati penzvimbo yekupisa, zvidhinha zvinopinda imwe nguva yekudzivirira vasati vapinda munzvimbo inotonhora. Munzvimbo yekutonhodza, zvigadzirwa zvakadzingwa zvinosangana nemhepo yakawanda inotonhora ichipinda nemuchoto, ichitonhora zvishoma nezvishoma isati yabuda muchoto, nekudaro ichipedzisa kupfura kwese.
II. Kuvaka: Tunnel kilns ndiyo inopisa engineering kilns. Ivo vane yakafara tembiricha siyana uye yakakwirira zvimiro zvinodiwa kuti honi muviri. (1) Kugadzirira kwenheyo: Bvisa marara kubva munzvimbo yekuvaka uye simbisa matatu ekushandisa uye imwe nhanho yepamusoro. Iva nechokwadi chekuwanikwa kwemvura, magetsi, uye nzvimbo yepasi. Mutsetse unofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemvura. Nheyo dzinofanirwa kunge dziine simba rekutakura re150 kN/m². Kana ukasangana nevhu rakapfava, shandisa nzira yekutsiva (stone masonry base kana compacted lime-ivhu musanganiswa). Mushure menheyo mugero kurapwa, shandisa yakasimbiswa kongiri sehwaro hwechoto. Nheyo yakasimba inovimbisa kubereka kugona uye kugadzikana kwembambo. (2) Kiln Structure Madziro emukati echoto munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya anofanira kugadzirwa pachishandiswa zvidhinha. Madziro ekunze anogona kushandisa zvidhinha zvakajairwa, nekurapa kwekudzivirira pakati pezvidhinha (uchishandisa rock wool, aluminium silicate fiber magumbeze, nezvimwewo) kuderedza kupisa. Ukobvu hwemukati hwemadziro ndeye 500 mm, uye kunze kwemadziro ukobvu 370 mm. Majoini ekuwedzera anofanirwa kusiiwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Iyo masonry inofanirwa kunge iine majoini akazara edhaka, ane zvidhinha zvinoramba zvakaiswa mumajoini akadzedzereka (matope majoini ≤ 3 mm) uye zvidhinha zvakajairika zvine majoini edhaka e8-10 mm. Insulation zvinhu zvinofanirwa kugovaniswa zvakaenzana, zvakazara zvakazara, uye zvakavharwa kudzivirira kupinda kwemvura. (3) Kiln Pazasi Chigadziko chechoto chinofanira kunge chakati sandara kuti mota yevira ienderere mberi. Iyo inodzivirira hunyoro inodzivirira hunyoro inofanira kunge iine yakakwana inotakura-yekutakura uye yekupisa yekudzivirira zvimiro, sezvo mota yehuni inofamba ichitevedza makwara. Muchoto chekugezera chine hupamhi hwemamita 3.6, mota yega yega inogona kurodha zvidhinha zvinosvika zviuru zvitanhatu. Kusanganisira huremu hwemotokari yehuni, mutoro wakakwana unotenderedza matani makumi maviri, uye mbiya yese yekubira inofanira kumira nehuremu hwemotokari imwe inodarika mazana matanhatu ematani. Nokudaro, kuisa njanji hakufaniri kuitwa zvisina hanya. (4) Denga rechoto rinowanzova nemhando mbiri: yakanamirwa zvishoma uye yakati sandara. Denga re arched inzira yechinyakare yekuvakisa, nepo denga rakati sandara rinoshandisa refractory castable material kana lightweight refractory zvidhinha zvesirin'i. Mazuva ano, vazhinji vanoshandisa silicon aluminium fiber sirin blocks. Pasinei nechinhu chinoshandiswa, chinofanira kuve nechokwadi chekushisa uye kuvhara, uye maburi ekutarisa anofanirwa kuiswa panzvimbo dzakakodzera zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Makomba ekudyisa marasha, maburi emhepo, etc. (5) Combustion system: a. Tunnel honi dzinopfuta huni nemarasha hadzina makamuri ekupisa munzvimbo inopisa kwazvo yechoto, inovakwa pachishandiswa zvidhinha, uye ine zviteshi zvekudyisa mafuta nemadota ekuburitsa madota. b. Nekusimudzirwa kwemukati wekugadzira zvidhina tekinoroji, makamuri akasiyana ekupisa haachadiwi, sezvo zvidhinha zvinochengeta kupisa. kana kupisa kusina kukwana kunowanikwa, mamwe mafuta anogona kuwedzerwa kuburikidza nemakomba ekudyisa marasha padenga remba. c. Kilns inopisa gasi rechisikigo, gasi remarasha, liquefied petroleum gasi, zvichingodaro, ine zvinopisa gasi pamativi echoto kana padenga (zvichienderana nerudzi rwehuni), zvine zvinopisa zvakagovaniswa zvine musoro uye zvakafanana kufambisa kudzora tembiricha mukati memoto. (6) Ventilation system: a. Mafeni: anosanganisira mafeni ekupa, mafeni ekupedza, mafeni ekubvisa humidification, uye kuenzanisa mafeni. Cooling fans. Imwe neimwe fan inowanikwa mune imwe nzvimbo uye inoshanda rakasiyana basa. Iyo fan fan inopinza mweya mukamuri yekupisa kuti ipe okisijeni yakakwana yekupisa, fan yekupisa inobvisa magasi eflue kubva muchoto kuchengetedza imwe yakashata kudzvanywa mukati memoto uye kuve nechokwadi chekuyerera kwegasi kuyerera, uye iyo dehumidification fan inobvisa mhepo yakanyorova kubva kune yakanyorova zvidhinha mablanks kunze kwechoto. b. Mhepo ducts: Aya akakamurwa kuita flue ducts uye air ducts. Flue ducts inonyanya kubvisa magasi eflue uye mweya wakanyorova kubva muchoto. Mhepo ducts inowanikwa mumasonry nemhando dzepombi uye ine basa rekupa oxygen kunzvimbo yekupisa. c. Madhamu emhepo: Akaiswa pamhepo ducts, anoshandiswa kudzora mafambiro emhepo uye honi kudzvanywa. Nekugadzirisa saizi yekuvhura yemadhamu emhepo, kugovera tembiricha uye nzvimbo yemoto mukati memoto inogona kudzorwa. (7) Sisitimu yekushandisa: a. Kiln mota: Motokari yemoto ine honi inotakurika pasi ine tunnel-yakafanana chimiro. Zvidhinha zvivharo zvinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma pamota yekubira, ichipfuura nepakati penzvimbo yekupisa, sintering zone, Insulation zone, inotonhorera zone. Iyo mota yemoto inogadzirwa nesimbi chimiro, ine zviyero zvakatemwa netupamhi hwemambure mukati memoto, uye inova nechokwadi chekuisa chisimbiso. b. Kutamisa mota: Pamuromo wekupisa, mota yekufambisa inotamisa mota yemoto. Motokari yemoto inotumirwa kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza, yozoenda kunzvimbo yekuomeswa, uye pakupedzisira kune sintering zone, uye zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvinoendeswa kunzvimbo yekudzikisa. c. Midziyo yekudhonza inosanganisira track traction michina, hydraulic kusimudza michina, nhanho michina, uye kiln-muromo traction michina. Kuburikidza nemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana, mota yemoto inodhonzwa munzira kuti ifambe, ichiita zvakatevedzana zviito zvakaita sekuchengetedza zvidhinha, kuomesa, kunyura, kuburitsa, uye kurongedza. (8) Tembiricha yekudzora sisitimu: Kuonekwa kwekushisa kunosanganisira kuisa thermocouple tembiricha sensors munzvimbo dzakasiyana mukati mechoto kuti itarise tembiricha yehuni munguva chaiyo. Zviratidzo zvekushisa zvinotumirwa kukamuri yekutonga, uko vashandi vanogadzirisa huwandu hwemhepo inopinza uye kukosha kwekupisa kunobva pane data yekushisa. Kudzvanya kwekutarisa kunosanganisira kuisa kumanikidza sensors pamusoro wechoto, muswe muswe, uye nzvimbo dzakakomba mukati mechoto kuti utarise shanduko muhuni yekumanikidza munguva chaiyo. Nekugadzirisa madhamu emhepo mumhepo yemhepo, kupisa kwemoto kunochengetedzwa pamwero wakagadzikana.
III. Operation: Mushure memuviri mukuru wemugero kiln uye yayo配套midziyo yakaiswa, yave nguva yekugadzirira basa rekudzima uye kushandiswa kwakajairwa. Kushanda muchoto chemugero hakusi nyore sekuchinja girobhu remwenje kana kufambisa switch; kubudirira kupfura honi yekugezera kunoda hunyanzvi hwesainzi. Kudzora kwakasimba, kufambisa kwechiitiko, uye kurongeka mumativi akawanda zvese zvakakosha. Tsanangudzo dzemaitiro ekushanda uye mhinduro dzenyaya dzinogona kumuka dzichakurukurwa gare gare. Parizvino, ngatimbosumai muchidimbu nzira dzemashandiro nemaitirwo echoto: “Kuongorora: Chekutanga, tarisa muchoto kuti hapana pakatsemuka here.Tarisa kana majoini ekuwedzera akasimba.Sundai motokari shoma shoma dzisina chinhu nguva shoma kuti mutarise kana njanji, muchina wemota yepamusoro, mota yekufambisa, nezvimwe zviri kushanda sezvakangoita. Chengetedza kana mafeni ese ari kushanda nemazvo nzira dzekuomeswa kwehuni dzinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwemafuta anoshandiswa. nguva b. Medium-temperature (200-600 ° C): Tembiricha inokwira 10-15 ° C paawa, uye bika kwemazuva maviri c (600 ° C uye pamusoro): wedzera tembiricha pachiyero che20 ° C paawa kusvika kutonhora kwekupisa kwasvika, uye chengetedza nguva yekuwedzera kwemuviri (3) Kupisa: Kushandisa mafuta akadai segasi rechisikigo kana gasi remarasha kuri nyore nhasi, tichashandisa marasha, huni, zvichingodaro Batidza huni nemarasha, uye zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera tembiricha nekugadzirisa kuyerera kwemhepo uye kudzvanywa kusvikira zvidhinha zvasvika pakupisa kwekupfura, tanga kudyisa mota nyowani muchoto kubva kumberi uye zvishoma nezvishoma uendese kunzvimbo yekupisa uye kupisa mota kumberi kutsva kuona kuti kupfura kunopedzwa zvinoenderana neyakagadzirirwa tembiricha curve: Kurongeka kwezvidhinha: Rongedza zvidhinha pamota yemoto zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nedhizaini, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mazamu akakodzera uye nzira dzemhepo pakati pezvidhinha kufambisa kuyerera kwegasi kuyerera Zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa nzvimbo yekutonhodza inogona kushandisa dhizaini yekudzoreredza kupisa (kuchengetedza simba uye kuburitsa-kubvisa) kuendesa simba rekupisa kunzvimbo yekuomesa zvidhinha Kuwedzera, mota yemoto inofanirwa kukwidziridzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira, kudzvanywa kwemhepo uye kuyerera kwemhepo kunofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvichienderana nedhizaini yekushisa dhizaini. ye -10 kusvika -50 Pa munzvimbo yepreheating) zvichibva pakuongorora kweKiln kubuda: Kana motokari yemoto inosvika pakubuda kwemoto, zvidhinha zvakapedza kupfutidza uye kutonhora kutonhora kwakakodzera kunzvimbo yekuisa zvidhinha muwekishopu Iyo nzira inodzokororwa kune inotevera stacking uye kupfura kutenderera.
Kubva payakagadzirwa, kini yekupisa zvidhinha yakave nekugadzirisa kwakawanda uye hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, zvishoma nezvishoma ichivandudza mazinga ekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye otomatiki mazinga. Mune ramangwana, hungwaru, hushamwari hwakanyanya kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kudzokorodza zviwanikwa zvinozotonga nzira dzetekinoroji, kutyaira indasitiri yezvidhinha nematairi kuenda kumagumo ekugadzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-12-2025