amahame, imiterere, nigikorwa cyibanze cyamatara ya tunnel yavuzwe mugice cyabanjirije. Iri somo rizibanda ku mikorere nuburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo byo gukoresha itanura rya tunnel mu kubumba amatafari yo kubaka ibumba. Itanura ryaka amakara rizakoreshwa nkurugero.
I. Itandukaniro
Amatafari y'ibumba akozwe mu butaka bufite imyunyu ngugu nkeya, plastike nyinshi, hamwe n’ibikoresho bifata. Amazi biragoye kuyakura muribi bikoresho, bigatuma amatafari yubakishijwe amata bigoye gukama ugereranije namatafari ya shale. Bafite kandi imbaraga nke. Kubwibyo, itanura ya tunnel ikoreshwa mu gucana amatafari yibumba iratandukanye gato. Uburebure bwa stacking buri munsi gato, kandi agace gashyushya ni ndende gato (hafi 30-40% yuburebure bwose). Kubera ko ubuhehere bwibumba bwamatafari atose bingana na 13-20%, nibyiza gukoresha itanura ya tunnel ifite ibice byumye kandi byangiza.
II. Imyiteguro yo Kurasa:
Ibumba ry'amatafari y'ibumba rifite imbaraga nke ugereranije n'ubushyuhe buri hejuru, bigatuma byuma. Kubwibyo, hagomba kwitonderwa byumwihariko mugihe cyo guteranya. Nkuko baca umugani ngo, "Ibice bitatu birasa, ibice birindwi bikurikirana." Mugihe cyo guteranya, banza utegure gahunda yo gutondeka hanyuma utegure amatafari muburyo bukwiye; ubishyire muburyo bwa gride ifite impande zegeranye hamwe na sparser centre. Niba amatafari adahunitswe neza, birashobora gutuma habaho kugwa neza, kugwa hejuru yikirundo, no gutembera kwumwuka muke, bigatuma inzira yo kurasa igorana kandi bigatera ibihe bidasanzwe nkumuriro wimbere udakwirakwira, umuriro winyuma ntukomeze, umuriro wo hejuru uratinda cyane, umuriro wo hasi uratinda cyane (umuriro ntugere hasi) mugihe impande zitinda cyane (zidashobora gutera imbere kimwe).
Umuyoboro wa Kiln Ubushyuhe bwo Kugabanura Mbere-gushiraho: Ukurikije imikorere ya buri gice cy itanura, banza ushireho igitutu cya zeru. Agace gashyuha gafite igitutu kibi, mugihe akarere gashinzwe kurasa kotswa igitutu cyiza. Banza, shiraho ubushyuhe bwa zeru, hanyuma ubanze ushireho ubushyuhe kuri buri mwanya wimodoka, shushanya igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubushyuhe, hanyuma ushyire ibyuma byerekana ubushyuhe ahantu hakomeye. Agace gashyuha (hafi imyanya 0-12), ahantu ho kurasa (imyanya 12-22), hamwe na zone ikonje isigaye byose birashobora gukora ukurikije ubushyuhe bwateganijwe mugihe cyibikorwa.
III. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo Kurasa Ibikorwa
Urukurikirane rwa Ignition: Icya mbere, tangira icyuma gikuru (hindura umwuka kuri 30-50%). Gutwika ibiti n'amakara ku modoka y'itanura, ukagenzura umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe kugera kuri 1 ° C ku munota, hanyuma ukongera ubushyuhe buhoro buhoro kugeza kuri 200 ° C. Ubushyuhe bw'itanura bumaze kurenga 200 ° C, ongeraho gato umwuka wo kwihuta kugirango ubushyuhe bwiyongere kandi bigere ku bushyuhe busanzwe bwo kurasa.
Ibikorwa byo Kurasa: Gukurikirana neza ubushyuhe ahantu hose ukurikije umurongo w'ubushyuhe. Umuvuduko wo kurasa amatafari y'ibumba ni metero 3-5 mu isaha, naho kubumba amatafari ya shale, metero 4-6 mu isaha. Ibikoresho bitandukanye, uburyo bwo gutondekanya, hamwe n’ibipimo bivangwa na lisansi byose bizagira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo kurasa. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kurasa (urugero, iminota 55 kuri buri modoka), komeza imodoka itanura kimwe, kandi ukore vuba mugihe urimo gupakira imodoka kugirango ugabanye igihe cyo gufungura urugi. Komeza itanura rihamye rishoboka. . Kugirango uhindure umuvuduko usanzwe, hamwe nikirere cyahinduwe neza, gusa uhindure umuvuduko wabafana kugirango ugenzure itanura.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe: Kongera buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe bwakarere gashyuha hafi 50-80 ° C kuri metero kugirango wirinde gushyuha vuba no kumena amatafari. Ahantu ho kurasa, witondere igihe cyo kurasa nyuma yo kugera ku bushyuhe bwateganijwe kugirango wirinde kurasa bituzuye imbere yamatafari. Niba impinduka zubushyuhe zibaho kandi ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burigihe-ubushyuhe burigihe ntibihagije, amakara arashobora kongerwaho binyuze mumatara hejuru. Kugenzura itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe muri 10 ° C. Muri zone ikonjesha, hindura umuvuduko wumufana wogukonjesha kugirango ugenzure umuvuduko wumwuka nu kirere ukurikije ubushyuhe bwamatafari yarangiye asohoka mu itanura, kugirango wirinde gukonja vuba gutera amatafari yarangiye yubushyuhe bukabije.
Kugenzura itanura ryo gusohoka: Kugenzura isura y'amatafari yarangije gusohoka mu itanura. Bagomba kugira ibara rimwe. Amatafari adakongejwe (ubushyuhe buke cyangwa igihe cyo kurasa kidahagije ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, bikavamo ibara ryoroheje) birashobora gusubizwa mu itanura kugirango bongere kurasa. Amatafari arenze urugero (ubushyuhe bwinshi butera gushonga no guhindura ibintu) bigomba kuvaho no gutabwa. Amatafari yujuje ibyangombwa afite ibara rimwe kandi atanga ijwi ryumvikana iyo akubiswe, kandi arashobora koherezwa ahapakururwa kugirango apakire kandi atwarwe.
IV. Amakosa asanzwe hamwe nuburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo kubikorwa bya tunnel
Ubushyuhe bwa zone ntibushobora kwiyongera: Amatafari yo gutwika imbere ntabwo yavanze ukurikije ubushyuhe bwabyo, kandi lisansi ifite agaciro gake. Igisubizo cyo kuvanga bidahagije: Hindura igipimo cyo kuvanga kugirango kirenze amafaranga asabwa ho gato. Guhagarika umuriro (kubaka ivu, imibiri yamatafari yaguye) bitera kubura ogisijeni, bigatuma ubushyuhe budahagije. Uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo: Sukura umuyoboro wumuriro, usibe flue, kandi ukureho amatafari yicyatsi yaguye.
Imodoka ya kiln ihagarara mugihe ikora: Gukurikirana inzira (biterwa no kwaguka k'ubushyuhe no kugabanuka). Uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo: Gupima urwego urwego hamwe nintera (kwihanganira mm 2 mm), hanyuma ukosore cyangwa usimbuze inzira. Ibiziga by'imodoka ya kiln bifunga: Uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo: Nyuma yo gupakurura amatafari yarangiye buri gihe, genzura ibiziga hanyuma ushyireho amavuta yo kwisiga yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ubuso bwa efflorescence ku matafari yarangiye (ubukonje bwera): "Ibintu byinshi bya sulferi nyinshi mu mubiri w'amatafari biganisha ku gushiraho kristu ya sulfate. Uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo: Hindura igipimo fatizo cy'ibikoresho fatizo kandi ushiremo ibikoresho fatizo bya sulferi nkeya. Uburyo bwa sulferi nyinshi cyane mu makara.
V. Kubungabunga no Kugenzura
Igenzura rya buri munsi: Reba niba urugi rw'itanura rufungura kandi rugafunga bisanzwe, niba kashe yujuje ibisabwa, kandi niba imodoka y'itanura yangiritse nyuma yo gupakurura amatafari. Kugenzura ibiziga by'imodoka kugirango umenye ko bikora bisanzwe, shyira amavuta yo kwisiga yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kuri buri ruziga, hanyuma urebe niba imirongo ikurikirana ubushyuhe yangiritse, guhuza umutekano, kandi imikorere nibisanzwe.
Kubungabunga buri cyumweru: Ongeramo amavuta yo gusiga umufana, reba niba umukandara ukwiye, kandi urebe ko bolts zose zifunzwe neza. Ongeramo amavuta yo gusiga mumodoka yoherejwe hamwe nimashini yo hejuru. Kugenzura ibice byose kugirango bikore bisanzwe. Kugenzura Inzira: Bitewe n'ubushyuhe butandukanye butandukanye mu itanura, kwaguka k'ubushyuhe no kugabanuka bishobora gutera inzira kugabanuka. Reba niba inzira yumutwe nu cyuho kiri hagati yimodoka zoherejwe nibisanzwe.
Igenzura rya buri kwezi: Kugenzura umubiri w’itanura kugira ngo ucike, urebe uko amatafari yangiritse hamwe n’inkuta z’itanura, hanyuma uhindure ibikoresho byerekana ubushyuhe (ikosa <5 ° C).
Kubungabunga buri gihembwe: Kuraho imyanda mu itanura, usukure imiyoboro n’imyuka yo mu kirere, ugenzure uburyo bwo gufunga ingingo zagutse ahantu hose, kugenzura igisenge cy’itanura n’umubiri w’amatanura kugira inenge, no kugenzura ibikoresho bizenguruka hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe, nibindi.
VI. Kurengera ibidukikije n'umutekano
Amatanura ya tunnel ni itanura ryubushuhe bwumuriro, cyane cyane kumatara yamakara akoreshwa namakara, gutunganya gazi ya flux bigomba kuba bifite imvura igwa ya electrostatike itose kugirango yandurwe kandi yanduze kugirango gazi isohoka yujuje ubuziranenge.
Gukoresha ubushyuhe bwimyanda: Umwuka ushushe uturutse ahantu hakonje utangwa binyuze mumiyoboro ahantu hashyuha cyangwa igice cyumye kugirango amatafari atose yumye. Gukoresha ubushyuhe bw’imyanda birashobora kugabanya gukoresha ingufu hafi 20%.
Umusaruro w’umutekano: Amatanura ya gaze akoreshwa na gaze agomba kuba afite ibyuma bisohora gaze kugirango birinde guturika. Amatanura yaka amakara agomba gushyirwaho ibyuma byangiza imyuka ya karubone, cyane cyane mugihe cyo gutwika itanura kugirango hatabaho guturika nuburozi. Gukurikiza inzira zikorwa ni ngombwa kugirango umusaruro ube mwiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-16-2025