An rufe ka'idoji, tsari, da kuma aiki na asali na kilns na rami a cikin zaman da ya gabata. Wannan zaman zai mayar da hankali kan aiki da hanyoyin magance matsala don yin amfani da tunnel kilns don ƙone tubalin ginin yumbu. Za a yi amfani da murhu mai wuta a matsayin misali.
I. Bambance-bambance
Ana yin tubalin yumbu daga ƙasa mai ƙarancin abun ciki na ma'adinai, babban filastik, da abubuwan mannewa. Ruwa yana da wuyar cirewa daga wannan abu, yana sa bulo ya zama da wuya a bushe idan aka kwatanta da tubalin shale. Suna kuma da ƙananan ƙarfi. Saboda haka, dakunan ramin da ake amfani da su don kona tubalin yumbu sun ɗan bambanta. Tsayin tsayin daka ya dan ragu kadan, kuma yankin preheating ya dan fi tsayi (kimanin 30-40% na jimlar tsayin). Tun da danshi abun ciki na bulo bulo ya kai kusan 13-20%, yana da kyau a yi amfani da kwandon rami tare da sassan bushewa da bushewa daban.
II. Shirye-shiryen Ayyukan Harba:
Wuraren bulo na yumbu suna da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi kuma ɗanɗano abun ciki mafi girma, yana sa su da wahala a bushe. Saboda haka, ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman a lokacin stacking. Kamar yadda ake cewa, "Kashi uku na harbi, sassa bakwai suna tarawa." Lokacin tarawa, da farko haɓaka tsarin tarawa kuma shirya tubalin da kyau; sanya su a cikin tsarin grid tare da gefuna masu yawa da wuraren sparser. Idan ba a tara tubalin yadda ya kamata ba, zai iya haifar da rugujewar damshi, ya rugujewa, da rashin isasshen iska, yana sa aikin harbe-harbe ya yi wahala da haifar da munanan yanayi kamar wutar gaba baya yaɗuwa, wutar baya baya kiyayewa, wutar saman ta yi sauri sosai, wutar ƙasa kuma tana da sauri sosai (wuta ba ta isa ƙasa), wuta ta tsakiya kuma tana da sauri yayin da ɓangarori suna da hankali (ba za su iya ci gaba daidai ba).
Tunnel Kiln Temperature Curve Pre-saitin: Dangane da ayyukan kowane sashe na kiln, da farko sai a saita wurin matsa lamba sifili. Yankin preheating yana ƙarƙashin mummunan matsa lamba, yayin da yankin harbe-harbe yana ƙarƙashin matsi mai kyau. Da farko, saita zafin matsi na sifili, sannan saita yanayin zafi don kowane matsayi na mota, tsara zanen yanayin zafin jiki, kuma shigar da firikwensin zafin jiki a wurare masu mahimmanci. Yankin preheating (kimanin matsayi 0-12), yankin harbe-harbe (matsayi 12-22), da sauran yankin sanyaya duk na iya aiki bisa ga yanayin da aka riga aka saita yayin aiwatarwa.
III. Mabuɗin Mabuɗin don Ayyukan Harba
Jeren kunnawa: Na farko, fara babban abin hurawa (daidaita iska zuwa 30-50%). Kunna itacen da gawayi akan motar kiln, sarrafa yawan zafin jiki zuwa kusan 1°C a minti daya, kuma sannu a hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 200°C. Da zarar zafin wuta ya wuce 200 ° C, dan kadan ƙara yawan iska don haɓaka yawan zafin jiki da kuma isa yanayin zafin wuta na al'ada.
Ayyukan Harba: Kula da yanayin zafi sosai a duk wurare bisa ga yanayin zafin. Gudun harbe-harbe don tubalin yumbu shine mita 3-5 a kowace awa, kuma don tubalin shale, mita 4-6 a kowace awa. Kayan albarkatun kasa daban-daban, hanyoyin tarawa, da ma'aunin cakuda man fetur duk zasu shafi saurin harbi. Dangane da saitin harbe-harbe (misali, mintuna 55 a kowace mota), gaba motar kiln daidai, kuma yi sauri lokacin loda motar don rage lokacin buɗe kofa. Kula da kwanciyar hankali matsa lamba gwargwadon yuwuwa. (Yankin preheating: matsa lamba mara kyau -10 zuwa -50 Pa; yankin harbe-harbe: ƙaramin matsi mai kyau 10-20 Pa). Don daidaita matsa lamba na al'ada, tare da daidaitawar damper ɗin da kyau, kawai daidaita saurin fan don sarrafa matsa lamba na kiln.
Sarrafa zafin jiki: Sannu a hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki a yankin preheating da kusan 50-80 ° C kowace mita don hana saurin dumama da fasa bulo. A cikin yankin harbe-harbe, kula da tsawon lokacin harbe-harbe bayan isa ga zafin da aka yi niyya don guje wa harbin da ba a cika ba a cikin tubalin. Idan yanayin zafi ya canza kuma tsawon lokacin zafi mai tsayi bai isa ba, ana iya ƙara kwal ta saman kiln. Sarrafa bambancin zafin jiki a cikin 10 ° C. A cikin yankin sanyaya, daidaita saurin fan na fankar mai sanyaya don sarrafa matsa lamba na iska da kwararar iska dangane da zafin da aka gama da bulo da ke fitowa daga kiln, don hana saurin sanyaya daga haifar da bulogin da aka gama da zafin zafi don fashe.
Duban fitowar kiln: Bincika kamannin tubalin da aka gama suna fitowa daga cikin kiln. Ya kamata su kasance da launi iri ɗaya. Ana iya mayar da tubalin da ba a kai ba (ƙananan zafin jiki ko rashin isasshen lokacin harbi a babban zafin jiki, wanda ke haifar da launi mai haske) zuwa ga kiln don sake kunna wuta. Ya kamata a cire tubalin da aka yi da wuta (ƙananan zafin jiki da ke haifar da narkewa da nakasa) kuma a jefar da su. Ƙwararrun bulogin da aka gama suna da launi iri ɗaya kuma suna samar da sauti mai tsauri lokacin da aka taɓa shi, kuma ana iya aikawa zuwa wurin saukewa don marufi da sufuri.
IV. Laifi na yau da kullun da hanyoyin magance matsala don Ayyukan Kisan Ramin
Yanayin zafin wuta ya kasa tashi: Ba a haɗa tubalin konewa na ciki gwargwadon yanayin zafinsu ba, kuma man yana da ƙarancin calorific. Magani don rashin isassun hadawa: Daidaita rabon hadawa don wuce adadin da ake buƙata kaɗan. Toshewar akwatin wuta (ƙarar toka, rugujewar jikin bulo) yana haifar da ƙarancin iskar oxygen, yana haifar da rashin isasshen zafin jiki. Hanyar magance matsalar: Tsaftace tashar wuta, share hayaƙi, da cire tubalin kore da suka ruguje.
Killin motar kiln yayin aiki: Nakasar waƙa (wanda ya haifar da haɓakar zafi da raguwa). Hanyar magance matsalar: Auna matakin waƙar da tazarar (haƙuri ≤ 2 mm), kuma gyara ko maye gurbin waƙar. Killin motar mota yana kullewa: Hanyar magance matsala: Bayan sauke tubalin da aka gama kowane lokaci, duba ƙafafun kuma a shafa mai mai zafi mai zafi. Ƙarƙashin ƙura a saman tubalin da aka gama (fararen sanyi): "Maɗaukakin sulfur mai yawa a cikin jikin bulo yana haifar da samuwar lu'ulu'u na sulfate. Hanyar magance matsala: Daidaita albarkatun kasa da kuma haɗa ƙananan kayan sulfur mai ƙananan sulfur a cikin kwal. Hanyar magance matsala: Ƙara yawan adadin iskar gas a lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai digiri 6 a lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai 6 ° C. tururin sulfur da aka saki."
V. Kulawa da dubawa
Dubawa yau da kullun: Duba ko ƙofar kiln tana buɗewa kuma tana rufe kullum, ko rufewar ta cika buƙatu, da kuma ko motar kil ɗin ta lalace bayan an sauke bulo. Bincika ƙafafun motar kiln don tabbatar da suna aiki akai-akai, shafa mai mai zafi mai zafi a kowace dabaran, kuma duba ko layin kula da zafin jiki ya lalace, haɗin haɗin gwiwa, kuma ayyuka na al'ada ne.
Kulawar mako-mako: Ƙara mai mai mai ga fanfo, bincika idan tashin bel ɗin ya dace, kuma tabbatar da an ɗaure dukkan kusoshi cikin aminci. Ƙara man mai a cikin motar canja wuri da babban injin mota. Bincika duk abubuwan da aka gyara don aiki na yau da kullun. Duban Waƙoƙi: Saboda bambance-bambancen zafin jiki mai mahimmanci a cikin kiln, haɓakar zafi da ƙanƙancewa na iya haifar da kwancen waƙa. Bincika idan kan waƙa da rata tsakanin motocin canja wuri al'ada ne.
Dubawa na wata-wata: Bincika jikin kiln don tsagewa, duba yanayin bulo da bangon kiln, da daidaita kayan aikin gano zafin jiki (kuskure <5°C).
Kulawa na kwata-kwata: Cire tarkace daga hanyar kiln, tsaftace hayaki da iskar iska, duba yanayin rufewar haɗin gwiwa a duk wurare, duba rufin kiln da jikin kiln don lahani, da duba kayan aikin wurare dabam dabam da tsarin kula da zafin jiki, da sauransu.
VI. Kare Muhalli da Tsaro
Tunnel kilns tanderun injiniyoyi ne na thermal, kuma musamman ga injin ramin da ake harba gawayi, dole ne a sanye da maganin hayakin hayaki da ruwan wutan lantarki don lalatawa da hana ruwa gudu don tabbatar da cewa iskar bututun hayaki da ake fitarwa ya dace da ka'idojin fitarwa.
Amfani da zafi mai sharar gida: Ana isar da iska mai zafi daga yankin sanyaya ta hanyar bututu zuwa yankin preheating ko bushewa don bushe bushewar bulo. Yin amfani da sharar gida zai iya rage yawan kuzari da kusan kashi 20%.
Samar da Tsaro: Dole ne a samar da kiln ɗin rami mai amfani da iskar gas da na'urorin gano iskar gas don hana fashe fashe. Dole ne a saka murhun ramin da aka harba kwal tare da na'urorin gano carbon monoxide, musamman lokacin kunna wuta don hana fashewa da guba. Bin hanyoyin aiki yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da samar da lafiya.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-16-2025